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As a journalist, I read Arabic newspapers daily, especially the opinion section. Every month, I want to share with you on Arabic for Nerds what I find interesting from a linguistic perspective and which vocabulary might be worth learning. I call it the Media Arabic Booster.
Media Arabic Booster: 07/24 Show
A close look at a headline
Akhbar al-Hawadith: The police and the military in Egypt
- On 30 June 2013, protesters demonstrated across Egypt against Mohammed Morsi (ู ุญู ุฏ ู ุฑุณู), the elected president of Egypt at that time and a prominent figure in the Muslim Brotherhood (ุงููุฅูุฎููุงู).
- The protesters expressed their anger at the Muslim Brotherhood, which they accuse of hijacking Egypt’s revolution and using its electoral victories to monopolize power and impose Islamic law.
- Egyptian army chief General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (ุนุจุฏ ุงููุชุงุญ ุณุนูุฏ ุญุณูู ุฎููู ุงูุณูุณู) led a coalition to remove President Mohamed Morsi from power and suspended Egypt’s 2012 constitution.
- A few days later, on 3 July 2013, the Egyptian military seized power.
- On 14 August 2013, Egyptian police and the armed forces, led by Defense Minister Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, used lethal force to break up two protest camps in Cairo: one at al-Nahda Square (ู ูุฏุงู ุงูููุถุฉ) and a larger one at Rabaa al-Adawiya Square (ู ุณุฌุฏ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงูุนุฏููุฉ). The camps were occupied by supporters of President Mohamed Morsi.
- The exact death toll is unclear, with conflicting estimates. Human Rights Watch reports at least 904 protesters were killed (817 in Rabaa Square and 87 in al-Nahda Square).
- These events in June and July 2013 were portrayed by the military as a way to eliminate the revolution of 2011, which led to the collapse of Hosni Mubarak’s regime (ู ุญู ุฏ ุญุณูู ู ุจุงุฑู). For the military, the events in 2013 were the true revolution.
- Under Mubarak, the police forces were strong, which is why Egypt was called a police state. Now there is a military dictatorship that is trying to integrate the police into the structures.
Let’s focus on the headline:
ุจูุงุก ุดุฑุทุฉ ุนุตุฑูุฉ ุชูุงูุจ ุงูุฌู ููุฑูุฉ ุงูุฌุฏูุฏุฉ
Building a modern police force that keeps pace with the new republic
Vocabulary list
All words marked in color above are explained here.
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ุจููุงุกู | building. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the I-verb ุจูููู – ููุจูููู which means to build. Some examples: construction company (ุดูุฑููุฉู ุจููุงุกู); based on; on the basis of (ุจููุงุกู ุนูููู) |
ุดูุฑูุทุฉู | police. A singular policeman is ุดูุฑูุทูููู. Some examples: to inform the police (ุฃูุจูููุบู ุงูุดููุฑูุทุฉู); police officer (ุถุงุจูุทู ุดูุฑูุทูุฉู); police station (ู ูุฑูููุฒู ุงูุดููุฑูุทุฉู) |
ุนูุตูุฑูููู | modern; contemporary. It is the Nisba adjective (ููุณูุจุฉู) of the noun ุนูุตูุฑู which means age; era; period. For example: contemporary technology (ุชูููููุฌูุง ุนูุตูุฑููููุฉู) |
ูุงููุจู – ูููุงููุจู | to go along with; to accompany; to go together with (use a direct object in Arabic; not a preposition). III-verb. For example: to keep up with the times (ูุงููุจู ุงููุนูุตูุฑู) |
What does al-Shurta (ุงูุดุฑุทุฉ) actually mean?
Most sources assume the following origin of the word al-Shurta (ุงูุดุฑุทุฉ): The police were given this name in reference to a strip of cloth that was placed on the hand over the clothing of the security man during the reign of Caliph สฟAbd al-Malik ibn Marwฤn (ุงูุฎูููุฉ ุนุจุฏ ุงูู ูู ุจู ู ุฑูุงู) to distinguish them from the general public.
โค How come? The root ุด-ุฑ-ุท, in an old meaning, denotes to slit the ear of a camel. From this, it got the meaning of sign, token, mark; also condition. Note: The Biblical Hebrew word ืฉึถืืจึถื (sheret) – with similar Semitic root letters – means stripe, incision, tear, line, scratch.
โค Who was Abd al-Malik ibn Marwฤn? He was one of the most important caliphs of the Umayyads and ruled from 685 (65 AH) to 705 (86 AH). The Dome of the Rock – Qubbat al-Sakhrah (ููุจูุฉู ุงูุตููุฎูุฑุฉู) in Jerusalem (ุงููููุฏูุณู) was built at the behest of Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. Construction began in 687 and was completed in 691. The word ุตูุฎูุฑู (pl.: ุตูุฎููุฑู) means rock or stone in Arabic.
Translation of an article
Let’s look at parts of a longer newspaper article in Arabic. We will translate each sentence carefully. The highlighted words are in the vocabulary list below.
al-Arabi al-Jadeed: “Did Erdoฤan obtain a green Qatari light to invite Al-Assad?”
On July 9, 2024, the following analysis was published in the Qatari-owned London-based newspaper al-Arabi al-Jadeed (ุงูุนุฑุจู ุงูุฌุฏูุฏ). The Turkish president is under political pressure to send back Syrian refugees, and in early July 2024, shops and vehicles belonging to Syrian residents were attacked and sometimes set on fire by rioters in several Turkish cities. In July, Erdoฤan extended an invitation to the Syrian ruler.
Let’s now take a closer look at a few complete paragraphs.
Note: In June 2022, the Republic of Turkey officially changed its name at the United Nations to Tรผrkiye. In this article, I will still use Turkey to avoid confusing readers.
Section 1
ุฑุฌุญุช ุฃูุณุงุท ุนุฑุจูุฉ ุฃู ูููู ุงูุฑุฆูุณ ุงูุชุฑูู ุฑุฌุจ ุทูุจ ุฃุฑุฏูุบุงู ูุฏ ุญุตู ุนูู ุถูุก ุฃุฎุถุฑ ู ู ูุทุฑ ูุฏุนูุฉ ุงูุฑุฆูุณ ุงูุณูุฑู ุจุดุงุฑ ุงูุฃุณุฏ ุฅูู ุฒูุงุฑุฉ ุชุฑููุง ุจุนุฏ ุณููุงุช ู ู ุงููุทูุนุฉ ูุงูุนุฏุงุก. ูุงุนุชุจุฑุช ุงูุฃูุณุงุท ุฐุงุชูุง ุฃู ุนูุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุฏูุบุงู ุฅูู ุชุฃููุฏ ุงูุฏุนูุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู ุฑูุฑ ุฃูู ู ู ุฃุณุจูุนูู ุนูู ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ุงูู ูุถูุน ุชุดูุฑ ุฅูู ุญุตููู ุนูู ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุจุดุฃู ู ูุงููุฉ ุงูุฃุณุฏ ุงูุชู ุชููู ูุฏ ุชู ุช ุจุนุฏ ุงูุชุฃูุฏ ู ู ุชุญููุฏ ูุทุฑ ุงูุชู ุฑูุถุช ุฑููุจ ูุทุงุฑ ุงูุชุทุจูุน ู ุน ุฏู ุดู ูุจู ุณูุฉ ููู ุชุคูุฏ ุนูุฏุฉ ุณูุฑูุง ุฅูู ุงูุฌุงู ุนุฉ ุงูุนุฑุจูุฉ.
Arab circles indicated that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoฤan may have received a green light from Qatar to invite Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to visit Turkey after years of estrangement and hostility. The same circles said (considered) that Erdoฤan’s reiteration of the invitation less than two weeks after raising this issue indicates that he obtained signs of al-Assad’s approval. This may have happened after making sure that Qatar has now been convinced, knowing that the latter had refused to board the normalization train with Damascus a year ago and did not support Syria’s return to the Arab League.
Section 2
ููุง ูุจุฏู ุงูุฑุฆูุณ ุงูุณูุฑู ุชุญู ุณุง ุดุฏูุฏุง ูุงุณุชุนุงุฏุฉ ุนูุงูุงุชู ุงูุณุงุจูุฉ ู ุน ุชุฑููุงุ ููู ุชุตุฑูุญุงุช ุฃุฑุฏูุบุงู ุงูู ุชุชุงููุฉ ุชุนูุณ ูุฌูุฏ ุชูุฏู ูู ุงูู ูุงูุถุงุช ุชุฌุงู ูุฐุง ุงูู ููุ ู ุง ูุฑุฌุญ ุฏุฎูู ูุทุฑ ุนูู ุงูุฎุท ุฎุงุตุฉ ู ุน ุบูุงุจ ุฃู ู ุคุดุฑ ุนูู ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ุฃููุฑุฉ ูุชูููุฐ ุงูุดุฑุท ุงูุณูุฑู ุงูู ุนูู ูุงูู ุชู ุซู ูู ุณุญุจ ุชุฑููุง ููุงุชูุง ู ู ุดู ุงู ุณูุฑูุง. ูู ุง ุฃู ุชุตุฑูุญุงุช ุงูุฃุณุฏ ูุจู ุฃูุงู ูู ุชุดุฑ ุฅูู ุดุฑุท ุณุญุจ ุชุฑููุง ููุงุชูุง ู ู ุณูุฑูุงุ ุญูุซ ุงูุชูู ุจุงูุญุฏูุซ ุนู ุงููุชุงุญ ุจูุงุฏู ุนูู ุงูู ุจุงุฏุฑุงุช ุงููุงุฏูุฉ ุฅูู ุนูุฏุฉ ุงูุนูุงูุงุช ู ุน ุฃููุฑุฉ ุงูู ุณุชูุฏุฉ ุฅูู ุณูุงุฏุฉ ุงูุฏููุฉ ุงูุณูุฑูุฉ ูุถุฑูุฑุฉ ู ุญุงุฑุจุฉ ูู ุงูุชูุธูู ุงุช ุงูุฅุฑูุงุจูุฉ.
The Syrian president doesn’t show much enthusiasm for restoring his previous relations with Turkey, but Erdoฤan’s successive statements reflect that progress has been made in the negotiations on (regarding) this issue, which means that Qatar has probably entered the fray, especially in the absence of any sign indicating that Ankara will meet the declared Syrian condition, which is for Turkey to withdraw its forces from the Syrian north. Moreover, al-Assad’s statements a few days ago did not refer to the condition of Turkey pulling its troops from Syria. Instead, he merely spoke about his country’s openness to initiatives aimed at restoring relations with Ankara based on the sovereignty of the Syrian state and the need to fight all terrorist organizations.
Section 3
ููููู ู ุฑุงูุจูู ุฅู ุงูุฃุณุฏ ุญุฑูุต ุนูู ูู ุนูุฏุฉ ุงูุนูุงุฏ ุงููุทุฑู ููู ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงูุฃุชุฑุงูุ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุฃู ุชุญุณูู ุงูุนูุงูุงุช ู ุน ุงูุณุนูุฏูุฉ ูู ููุนูุณ ุจุดูู ุฅูุฌุงุจู ุนูู ูุถุน ุณูุฑูุง ุงูุณูุงุณู ูุงูุงูุชุตุงุฏูุ ูุงูุชูู ุฅูู ุฃู ุงูู ุณุชููุฏ ู ู ุชุญุณูู ุงูุนูุงูุงุช ุจูู ุงูุฑูุงุถ ูุฏู ุดู ูู ุงูุณุนูุฏูุฉ ูุฃููุง ุชุบูู ุจุงุจ ุงูุงูุชุฒุงู ุงุช ู ุน ูุตุงุฆู ุงูู ุนุงุฑุถุฉุ ูุชุชุฑู ุงููุธุงู ุงูุณูุฑู ุฃู ุงู ู ุณุคูููุฉ ู ูุงุฌูุฉ ุชูุฑูุจ ุงูู ุฎุฏุฑุงุช ุงูู ุตูุนุฉ ูู ุณูุฑูุง -ู ุซู ุงููุจุชุงุบูู- ูุงูู ุชุฌูุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุณุนูุฏูุฉ.
Observers say that al-Assad is keen on resolving the problem (untieing the knot) of the Qatari stubbornness, even if via the Turks, especially since improving relations with Saudi Arabia has not had a positive impact on Syria’s political and economic situation. They point out that the beneficiary of improving relations Riyadh and Damascus is Saudi-Arabia, because this shall shut the door to the [Saudi] commitments with the opposition factions while leaving the Syrian regime with the responsibility of confronting the smuggling of drugs manufactured in Syria – such as Captagon – and heading to Saudi Arabia.
Captagon is an amphetamine-based drug that combines fenethylline, which was discovered in the 1960s in Germany, with other stimulants, often resulting in a highly addictive substance. It produces euphoria, increased alertness, and a lack of fatigue, making it popular with those seeking enhanced performance or an escape from reality.
Largely produced in war-torn Syria due to the lack of law enforcement and the country’s need for money, Captagon has become a significant black market commodity. The drug is mainly exported to the Middle East and Europe, where it fuels organized crime.
In Saudi Arabia, several high-profile cases have made headlines. For example, in 2015, authorities seized more than 22 million Captagon pills and arrested several suspects involved in the smuggling ring. In another case, in 2022, authorities seized a record 46 million amphetamine pills hidden in a shipment of flour. Additionally, in 2019, three people were executed after being convicted of attempting to smuggle tens of thousands of Captagon tablets into the kingdom.
Section 4
ููู ุงูุนุงู ุงูู ุงุถู ูุงูู ุช ูุทุฑ ุงูุฌููุฏ ุงูุชู ูุงุฏุชูุง ุงูุณุนูุฏูุฉ ูุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุณูุฑูุง ุฅูู ุงูุฌุงู ุนุฉ ุงูุนุฑุจูุฉ …. ููู ู ุฑุงูุจูู ุนุฏูุง ุฑูุถูุง ุญููุฆุฐ ููุนุง ู ู ุงูุชุฑูุซุ ู ุนุชุจุฑูู ุฃููุง ุณุชุญุฐู ุญุฐู ุฌูุฑุงููุง ุงูุฎููุฌููู ูุจููุฉ ุงูุฏูู ุงูุนุฑุจูุฉ ูู ุงูููุช ุงูุฐู ุชุฑุงู ู ูุงุณุจุง. ููุนุจุช ูุทุฑ ุฏูุฑุง ูุจูุฑุง ูู ุงูุฃุฒู ุฉ ุงูุณูุฑูุฉ ุนูู ุงูุตุนูุฏูู ุงูุณูุงุณู ูุงูุนุณูุฑู ูุฃุฏู ุชุฏุฎููุง ุฅูู ุฎุฑูุฌ ุงูุงุญุชุฌุงุฌุงุช ุนูู ุงููุธุงู ุงูุณูุฑู ุนู ู ุณุงุฑูุง ุงูู ุฏูู ุจุนุฏ ุนุณูุฑุฉ ุฃุฌุณุงู ุงูุซูุฑุฉ ุงูุชู ููู ู ุนูููุง ุงูุฅุณูุงู ููู. ูุฑุบู ูุฒูู ุฉ ุงูู ุนุงุฑุถุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงูุชุฏุฎู ุงูุฑูุณู ูู ุณูุฑูุง ุฅูุง ุฃู ุงูู ุนุงุฑุถุฉ ุงูู ุฏุนูู ุฉ ู ู ูุทุฑ ูุชุฑููุง ู ุงุฒุงูุช ุชุณูุทุฑ ุนูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุฌููุจ ูู ุงูุดู ุงู
Last year, Qatar resisted Saudi-led efforts to reinstate Syria in the Arab League โฆ However, observers considered Qatar’s refusal at the time to be a kind of wait-and-see, saying that Qatar would follow the example of its Gulf neighbors and the rest of the Arab countries at the time it sees fit. Qatar had played an important role in the Syrian crisis, both on the political and military level. Its intervention caused the protests against the Syrian regime to stray away from their civil path after the militarization of the revolution bodies, which were dominated by Islamists. Despite the defeat of the opposition as a result of the Russian intervention in Syria, Qatar and Turkey-supported opposition is still controlling some pockets in the North.
Vocabulary list
Section 1
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ุฑูุฌููุญู – ููุฑูุฌููุญู | to think likely; to think probable; to give preponderance (to something = direct object; over = ุนูููู). It can also denote to prefer. If you see ุฃูููู after, it usually means to think likely. II-verb. For example: Some have suggested that it may be due to an allergy (ุฑูุฌููุญู ุงูุจูุนูุถู ุฃูููููู ููุฏู ููููููู ุจูุณูุจูุจู ุญูุณุงุณููููุฉู). |
ููุณูุทู pl: ุฃูููุณุงุท | circle; middle; also: milieu. For example: diplomatic circles (ุงููุฃูููุณุงุทู ุงูุฏููุจูููู ุงุณููููุฉู) |
ุถูููุกู ุฃูุฎูุถูุฑู | green light. The noun ุถูููุกู means light. For example: in view of/in the light of (ุนูููู ุถูููุกู or ููู ุถูููุกู) plus noun = second part of a genitive construction (ุฅูุถุงูุฉู). |
ุฏูุนููุฉู ูู | invitation; call. The corresponding verbs are tricky: to accept an invitation (ููุจููู ุฏูุนููุฉู); to get an invitation (ุชููููููู ุฏูุนููุฉู); to send an invitation (ููุฌูููู ุฏูุนููุฉู ุฅูููู ุดูุฎูุตู) |
ููุทููุนุฉู | split; rift |
ุนูุฏุงุกู ุนูููู pl: ุนูุฏุงุกุงุชู | hostility; aggression. The noun ุนูุฏุงุกู is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the I-verb ุนูุฏูุง – ููุนูุฏูู which means to be hostile towards (ุนูููู), but also: to run. Other ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู-forms are ุนูุฏููู (to express to run, or with ุนูููู to steal) or ุนูุฏููุงูู in the verbal meaning of ุธูููู ู. The word ุนูุฏุงุกู can also serve to express the English prefix anti-. For example: anti-Semitism can be rendered as ุงููุนูุฏุงุกู ูููุณูุงู ูููุฉู. However, for anti-Semitism there are other expressions too: ูุงุณุงู ููุฉ (a newly coined word) or ู ูุนุงุฏุงุฉู ุงููููููุฏู. |
ุงูุนูุชูุจูุฑู – ููุนูุชูุจูุฑู | to consider; to take as; to hold (with direct object); also: to take an example from (ุจู); to be warned. It is a VIII-verb. Watch out: Although the passive voice is rare in Arabic, it is often used with this verb. For example: The war was considered a mistake (ุงูุนูุชูุจูุฑูุชู ุงููุญูุฑูุจู ุฎูุทูุฃู ููุจููุฑูุง). |
ุฐุงุชู pl: ุฐููุงุชู | same; self; -self (ููููุณู). Note that ุฐุงุชู is a noun (ุงูุณูู
ู), expressing the idea of being, essence, and therefore gets cases. Some examples: himself/he himself (ุจูุฐุงุชููู); simultaneously (ููู ุฐุงุชู ุงููููููุชู); above all (ุจุงูุฐูุงุชู); once (ููู ุฐุงุชู ู
ูุฑูุฉู); specifically; particularly (ุจูุงูุฐููุงุชู); for this very reason (ููููฐุฐุง ุงูุณูุจูุจู ุจูุงูุฐุงุชู). Used as an adverb (ุฐุงุชู), it means “at a certain time” and indicates an indefinite point in time. ุฐุงุชู is thus only associated with indefinite time concepts. For example: one day (ุฐุงุชู ููููู ู); one night (ุฐุงุชู ููููููุฉู). |
ุนูููุฏุฉู | return; repatriation. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the I-verb ุนุงุฏู – ููุนููุฏู which means to go back. |
ุชูุฃููููุฏู | confirmation; affirmation. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the II-verb ุฃููููุฏู – ููุคููููุฏู (first root letter: ุก) which means to confirm. For example: certainly (ุจุงูุชููุฃูููุฏู ููุนูู ) or certainly not (ุจุงูุชููุฃูููุฏู ูุง). |
ู ูุฑููุฑู | passing; course; lapse. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the I-verb ู ูุฑูู -ููู ูุฑูู which means to pass, to go by. For example: with the passing of time (ุจูุนูุฏู ู ูุฑููุฑู ุงููููููุชู). Watch out: ู ูุฑููุฑู also means passage, crossing. Thus, password in Arabic means ููููู ุฉู ู ูุฑููุฑู. And don’t confuse it with the passive participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงููู ูููุนูููู) which is ู ูู ูุฑููุฑู. |
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
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ุฅูุซุงุฑุฉู | provocation; irritation. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the IV-verb ุฃูุซุงุฑู – ููุซูุฑู which means to cause;to bring up; to incite; to stir up. For example: to cause a stir (ุณูุจููุจู ุฅูุซุงุฑุฉู); tabloid/yellow press (ุตูุญููู ุฅูุซุงุฑุฉู). |
ุฅูุดุงุฑุฉู | sign; signal; hint; gesture. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the IV-verb ุฃูุดุงุฑู – ููุดููุฑู ุฅููููู which means to point to. For example: a nice gesture (ุฅูุดุงุฑุฉู ููุฏููููุฉู); with regard to (ููู ุฅูุดุงุฑุฉู ุฅูููู); red traffic light (ุฅูุดุงุฑุฉู ู ูุฑููุฑู ุญูู ูุฑุงุกู) |
ุจูุดูุฃููู | with regard to (first part of ุฅูุถุงูุฉู). The word ุดูุฃููู means matter; case. |
ุชูู ูู – ููุชูู ูู | to happen; to become a fact. I-verb. Watch out: When followed by a verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู), the verb ุชูู ูู is often used to paraphrase the Arabic passive voice. For example: The goods were delivered (ุชูู ูู ุชูุณููููู ู ุงููุจูุถุงุฆูุนู.). |
ุชูุฃููููุฏ | certainty; assurance. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the V-verb ุชูุฃููููุฏู – ููุชูุฃููููุฏู which means to check; to verify. For example: just to be sure (ู ู ุฃูุฌููู ุงูุชูุฃููููุฏู). |
ุชูุญููููุฏู | neutralization (of a country). It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the II-verb ุญููููุฏู – ููุญููููุฏู which means to neutralize; to keep/put aside. |
ุฑููููุจู | riding, boarding. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the I-verb ุฑูููุจู – ููุฑูููุจู which means to ride; to get in (a car, a bus, a train) = to board. |
ููุทุงุฑู pl: ููุทูุงุฑุงุชู or ููุทูุฑู or ููุทูุฑุงุชู | train. For example: subway/underground train (ููุทุงุฑู ุฃููููุงูู) |
ุชูุทูุจููุนู | normalization. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the II-verb ุทูุจููุนู – ููุทูุจููุนู which means to normalize. For example: normalization of relations (ุชูุทูุจููุนู ุงููุนููุงูุงุชู) |
ุฃููููุฏู – ููุคููููุฏู | to support; to help. For example: I endorse this remark (ุฃูุคููููุฏู ููฐุฐููู ุงููู ููุงุญูุธุฉู). |
ุงููุฌุงู ูุนูุฉู ุงููุนูุฑูุจููููุฉู | The Arab League. Note: The Arab League was formed in Cairo in March 1945, initially with seven members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and North Yemen. In 2024, the League has 22 members. |
Section 2
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
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ุฃูุจูุฏูู – ููุจูุฏูู | to utter; to express; to display; to manifest. It is a IV-verb (root: ุจ-ุฏ-ู). For example: to express one’s opinion (ุฃูุจูุฏูู ุฑูุฃููููู). Watch out: Can it also mean to seem, to appear? No, that would be the I-verb of the same root: ุจูุฏูุง – ููุจูุฏูู. |
ุชูุญูู ููุณู | passion; enthusiasm; fanaticism. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the V-verb ุชูุญูู ููุณู – ููุชูุญูู ููุณู which means to be/become enthusiastic. |
ุงูุณูุชูุนุงุฏุฉู | recovery; restoring, restoration. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the X-verb ุงุณูุชูุนุงุฏู – ููุณูุชูุนูุฏู (root: ุน-ู-ุฏ) which means to get/ask back; to reclaim. For example:restoring the national sovereignty (ุงูุณูุชูุนุงุฏุฉู ุณููุงุฏุฉู ุงููููุทููู) |
ุชูุตูุฑููุญู pl: ุชูุตูุฑููุญุงุชู or ุชูุตุงุฑููุญู | statement; declaration; announcement. Also: license, permit (a word often used in Arab countries). It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the II-verb ุตูุฑููุญู – ููุตูุฑููุญู ุจู which means to declare; to allow. For example: residence permit (ุชูุตูุฑููุญู ุฅูุงู ุฉู). |
ู ูุชูุชุงูู | consecutive; sequential. It is the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) of the VI-verb ุชูุชุงูู – ููุชูุชุงูู which means to follow one after another. For example: consecutive numbers (ุฃูุฑููุงู ู ู ูุชูุชุงููููุฉู) |
ุนูููุณู – ููุนูููุณู | to reflect. Also: to reverse. For example: to show courage (ุนูููุณู ุฌูุฑูุฃุฉู); to twist/reverse the letters of a word (ุนูููุณู ุฃูุญูุฑููู ููููู ุฉู) |
ุชูููุฏููู ู | progress; advancement. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the V-verb ุชูููุฏููู ู – ููุชูููุฏููู ู ุจู which means to advance; to make progress; also: to submit/present. For example: to place/submit an order (ุชูููุฏููู ู ุจูุทูููุจู); to move forward (ุชูููุฏููู ู ุฅูููู ุงููุฃูู ุงู ู) |
ู ููุงููุถุฉู | negotiation; talk. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the III-verb ูุงููุถู – ูููุงููุถู which means to negotiate; to bargain. For example: negotiation table (ุทุงูููุฉู ุงููู ููุงููุถุงุชู) |
ุชูุฌุงูู | towards; opposite; in front of; with respect to. It is used as an adverb (notice the “a” at the end). |
ู
ูููููู pl: ู ูููููุงุชู | dossier; file (also on the computer) |
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
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ุฎุงุตูุฉู | especially; in particular |
ุบููุงุจู | absence. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the I-verb ุบุงุจู – ููุบูุจู which means to be absent. |
ู ูุคูุดููุฑู | sign; indication; indicator; index; mouse cursor. It is the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) of the II-verb ุฃูุดููุฑู -ููุคูุดููุฑู ุนูููู which means to mark. For example: an indication that (ู ูุคูุดููุฑู ููุฏูููู ุนูููู ุฃูููู). Note that the word ุชูุฃูุดููุฑูุฉู means visa. It is the pattern of a so-called noun of one act (ุงูุณูู ู ู ูุฑููุฉู) of the II-verb ุฃูุดููุฑู. |
ุงูุณูุชูุนูุฏุงุฏู | readiness; willingness. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the X-verb ุงุณูุชูุนูุฏูู – ููุณูุชูุนูุฏูู which means to prepare oneself; to get ready. |
ุชููููููุฐู | realization; implementation. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the II-verb ูููููุฐู – ูููููููุฐู which means to execute. |
ุดูุฑูุทู pl: ุดูุฑููุทู | condition; term/clause; requirement |
ู ูุนููููู | announced. It is the passive participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงููู ูููุนูููู) of the IV-verb ุฃูุนููููู -ููุนููููู which means to make public; to announce. For example: not announced (ุบูููุฑู ู ูุนููููู ุนููููู). Watch out: the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) is ู ูุนููููู and often denotes advertiser. |
ู ูุชูู ูุซูููู ููู | consisting of; represented in (body). It is the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) of the V-verb ุชูู ูุซูููู – ููุชูู ูุซูููู which means to be represented by; to (try to) become like. Depending on the context, we may have to use the passive participle for the English translation, although we use the active participle in Arabic. It is also often left untranslated. For example: The government is increasingly failing in its duty to protect us (ุงูุญููููู ูุฉู ูุงุดูููุฉู ููู ุงูุงูุถูุทููุงุนู ุจููุงุฌูุจููุง ุงูู ูุชูู ูุซูููู ููู ุญูู ุงููุชููุง ุจูุดููููู ู ูุชูุฒุงููุฏู). |
ุณูุญูุจู | withdrawal; pulling. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the I-verb ุณูุญูุจู – ููุณูุญูุจู which means to take back; to withdraw. For example: drag and drop (ุงูุณูููุญูุจู ููุงููุฅูุณููุงุทู). |
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
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ููู ุง | as; like; likewise; furthermore. For example: as if (ููู ุง ูู); as usual (ููู ุง ููู ุงููุนุงุฏุฉู) |
ุงูููุชูููู – ููููุชูููู ุจู | to be enough; to content oneself. VIII-verb |
ู ูุจุงุฏูุฑุฉู | initiative. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the III-verb ุจุงุฏูุฑู – ููุจุงุฏูุฑู which means to take the initiative; to set out. |
ูุงุฏููู ูู | determined; aimed at. It is the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) of the I-verb ููุฏููู – ููููุฏููู which means to aim at. |
ู ูุณูุชูููุฏู ุฅูููู | based on. It is the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) of the VIII-verb ุงุณูุชูููุฏู – ููุณูุชูููุฏู ุฅูููู which means to be based on; to lean. Watch out: ู ูุณูุชูููุฏู (with “a”; plural: ู ูุณูุชูููุฏุงุชู) means document; proof. |
ุณููุงุฏุฉู | sovereignty; rule; dominance. When used with certain people: Excellency. For example: His Excellency the minister (ุณููุงุฏุฉู ุงููููุฒูุฑู). |
ุถูุฑููุฑุฉู | necessity; urgency. For example: if absolutely necessary (ุนูููุฏู ุงูุถููุฑููุฑูุฉู ุงููููุตูููู); necessarily (ุจูุงูุถููุฑููุฑุฉู) |
ู ูุญุงุฑูุจุฉู | battle; fight; warfare. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the III-verb ุญุงุฑูุจู – ููุญุงุฑูุจู which means to fight. |
ุชูููุธููู
ู pl: ุชูููุธูู ุงุช | organization. It is often used before the name of a terrorist organization to denote that it is an organization. For example: al-Qaida (ุชูููุธููู ู ุงูููุงุนูุฏุฉู) |
ุฅูุฑููุงุจูููู | terrorist. It is the Nisba adjective (ููุณูุจุฉู) of the noun ุฅูุฑููุงุจู which means terror; terrorism. ุฅูุฑููุงุจู is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the IV-verb ุฃูุฑูููุจู – ููุฑูููุจู which means to frighten; to terrorize. |
Section 3
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
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ู ูุฑุงููุจู | observer; overseer; inspector, censor. It is the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) of the III-verb ุฑุงููุจู – ููุฑุงููุจู which to control; to watch. |
ุญูุฑููุตู ุนูููู | striving for; to be keen on. It is a quasi-participle (ุตููุฉู ู ูุดูุจูููุฉู) of the I-verb ุญุฑูุตู – ููุญูุฑูุตู ุนูููู which means to desire; to strive. Watch out: depending on the context, it may also denote miserly; greedy. |
ููููู | taking apart. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the I-verb ููููู – ููููููู which means to take apart. In colloquial language, the verb is often used to express to give change (money). |
ุนูููุฏุฉู | knot; tie. For example: to untie a knot (ููููู ุนูููุฏุฉู) |
ุนููุงุฏู | stubbornness; resistance. It is a verbal noun form (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู ุณูู ุงุนูููู) of the III-verb ุนูุงููุฏู – ููุนุงููุฏู which means to be stubborn. The standard ุงููู ูุตูุฏูุฑู ุงูููููุงุณูููู is ู ูุนูุงููุฏูุฉู. |
ุชูุฑูููููู | Turkish; Turk. Note: If you want to say the Turks (= the Turkish people), you use ุงููุฃูุชูุฑุงูู. |
ุชูุญูุณูููู | improvement; also: decoration. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the II-verb ุญูุณูููู – ููุญูุณูููู which means to beautify; to improve. |
ุงูููุนูููุณู – ููููุนูููุณู | to reflect; to be reflected. VII-verb. For example: to have positive effects (ุงูููุนูููุณู ุฅููุฌุงุจูููุง) |
ุดููููู pl: ุฃูุดููุงูู | form, shape; image. For example: positively (ุจูุดููููู ุฅููุฌุงุจูููู); in general (ุจูุดููููู ุนุงู ูู) |
ุฅููุฌุงุจูููู | positive; affirmative. For example: a positive result (ููุชููุฌูุฉู ุฅููุฌุงุจููููุฉู). Antonym: negative; unfavorable; adverse (ุณูููุจูููู) |
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
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ููููุชู – ููููููุชู ุฅูููู | to point out that; to attract attention. I-verb. For example: what caught my attention was (ู ุง ููููุชู ุงูููุชูุจุงููู ุฃูููู) |
ู ูุณูุชููููุฏู | beneficiary; entitled person. It is the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) of the X-verb ุงูุณูุชููุงุฏู – ููุณูุชูููุฏู (root: ู-ู-ุฏ) which means to benefit from (ุจ or ู ููู). |
ุฃูุบููููู – ููุบููููู | to close; to lock. IV-verb. For example: to close the window (ุฃูุบููููู ุงูููุงููุฐุฉู) |
ุงููุชูุฒุงู
ู pl: ุงููุชูุฒุงู ุงุชู | commitment; compliance; agreement. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the VIII-verb ุงููุชูุฒูู ู – ููููุชูุฒูู ู ุจู which means to comply with; to observe. |
ููุตูููุฉู pl: ููุตุงุฆููู | group; faction; species; family (in biology). For example: blood type (ููุตูููุฉู ุฏูู ู); firing squad (ููุตููููุฉู ุงููุฅูุนูุฏุงู ู) |
ู ูุนุงุฑูุถุฉู | opposition; resistance. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the III-verb ุนุงุฑูุถู – ููุนุงุฑูุถู which means to resist; to oppose. |
ุชูุฑููู – ููุชูุฑููู | to leave; to leave behind; to abandon; also: to allow. I-verb. For example: to leave luggage behind (ุชูุฑููู ุฃูู ูุชูุนูุฉู); to leave a company (ุชูุฑููู ุดูุฑููุฉู) |
ููุธุงู
ู pl: ููุธุงู ุงุชู or ููุธูู ู or ุฃูููุธูู ุฉู | regime; system; order. For example: legal system (ููุธุงู ู ููุถุงุฆูููู); to take down/overthrow the regime (ุฃูุณูููุทู – ููุณูููุทู ุงููููุธุงู ู) |
ู ูุณูุคููููููุฉู | responsibility. It is the artificial verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู ุตูููุงุนูููู) of ู ูุณูุคูููู (responsible) which is the passive participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงููู ูููุนูููู) of I-verb ุณูุฃููู – ููุณูุฃููู which means to ask; to request. For example: fully accountable (ูุงู ููู ุงููู ูุณูุคููููุฉู); disclaimer (ุฅูุฎููุงุกู ู ูุณูุคูููููููุฉู) |
ู ููุงุฌููุฉู | confrontation. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the III-verb ูุงุฌููู – ูููุงุฌููู which means to confront; to defy. |
ุชูููุฑููุจู | smuggling; trafficking. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the II-verb ููุฑููุจู – ููููุฑููุจู which means to smuggle; also: to let escape. For example: human trafficking (ุชูููุฑููุจู ุงููุฃูุดูุฎุงุตู) |
ู
ูุฎูุฏููุฑู pl: ู ูุฎูุฏููุฑุงุชู | drug; narcotic. It is the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) of the II-verb ุฎูุฏููุฑู – ููุฎูุฏููุฑู which means to sedate; to drug. For example: drug dealer (ุชุงุฌูุฑู ุงููู ูุฎูุฏููุฑุงุชู); drug user (ู ูุณูุชููููููู ููููู ูุฎูุฏููุฑุงุชู); drug addict (ู ูุฏูู ููู ุนูููู ู ูุฎูุฏููุฑุงุชู) |
ู ูุตููููุนู | manufactured; processed. It is the passive participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงููู ูููุนูููู) of the II-verb ุตููููุนู – ููุตููููุนู which means to produce; to make. |
ู ูุชููุฌููู | direction. For example: the train to Cairo (ุงููููุทุงุฑู ุงููู ูุชููุฌููู ุฅูููู ุงูููุงููุฑูุฉู). It is the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) of the VIII-verb ุงูุชููุฌููู – ููุชููุฌููู ุฅูููู which means to head to; to go to. |
Section 4
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
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ูุงููู ู – ูููุงููู ู | to resist; to oppose. III-verb. For example: to fight evil (ูุงููู ู ุงูุดููุฑูู) |
ูุงุฏู – ูููููุฏู | to lead; to chair. I-verb. For example: to lead a political party (ูุงุฏู ุญูุฒูุจู ุณููุงุณูููู) |
ุนูุฏูู – ููุนูุฏูู | to count, to calculate; to consider; to regard as. For example: to count to a hundred (ุนูุฏูู ุฅูููู ู ูุงุฆุฉู); countless = lit.: not to be counted (ูุง ููุนูุฏูู). In the passive voice, ุนูุฏูู means to be considered as. For example: This man is considered to be the leader of the terrorist organization (ููุนูุฏูู ููฐุฐุง ุงูุฑููุฌููู ุฒูุนููู ู ุงูุชููููุธููู ู ุงููุฅูุฑููุงุจูููู). Watch out: In the text, we had the verb form ุนุฏูุง which is they (3rd person; masculine plural). Don’t mix it with form I (ุนูุฏูุง – ููุนูุฏูู) which looks the same without tashkeel: ุนูุฏููุง (II) versus ุนูุฏููุง (I). Form I means to run but also: to be hostile towards (โ then use the preposition ุนูููู). |
ุญููููุฆูุฐู | then; at the time. It is an adverb of time (ุธูุฑููู ุฒูู ุงูู) There are many phrases like this which basically mean the same (then; at the time; at that time): ููููุชูุฆูุฐู or ููููู ูุฆูุฐู (then; on that day). Note that such words are compound nouns (ููููู ูุฉู ู ูุฑููููุจูุฉู) consisting of a first part denoting time and the noun ุฅูุฐู. |
ููููุนู | type; kind; form; category |
ุชูุฑููููุซู | wait-and-see; hesitation; procrastination. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the V-verb ุชูุฑููููุซู – ููุชูุฑููููุซู which means to take one’s time; to linger. For example: to delay making the decision (ุชูุฑููููุซู ููู ุงูุชููุฎุงุฐู ุงููููุฑุงุฑู). |
ู ูุนูุชูุจูุฑู | thinking, holding, having the opinion that (ุฃูููู), considering. It is the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) of the VIII-verb ุงูุนูุชูุจูุฑู – ููุนูุชูุจูุฑู which means to consider; to regard as; to take as. Note that the passive participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงููู ูููุนูููู) is ู ูุนูุชูุจูุฑู with “a” often means respected; esteemed; respectable |
ุญูุฐูุง – ููุญูุฐูู | to imitate, to take an example; to do it like. I-verb. Often occurs in the expression ุญูุฐุง ุญูุฐููู ุดูุฎูุตู which means to follow someone’s footsteps/example. The adverb ุญูุฐููู means parallel to; face to face with. |
ุฌุงุฑู pl: ุฌููุฑุงูู | neighboring; adjacent; neighbor |
ุฎููููุฌููู | Gulf (Arab region). For example: the Gulf Cooperation Council – GCC (ู ูุฌูููุณู ุงูุชููุนุงูููู ุงููุฎููููุฌูููู) |
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
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ุจููููุฉู pl: ุจููุงูุง | rest; remains; remainder. For example: for the rest of her life (ุจููููุฉู ุนูู ูุฑููุง) |
ุฑูุฃูู – ููุฑูู | to see; to regard; to think. For example: What do you think? (ูุง ุชูุฑููุ). For the conjugation of the verb, see this article. |
ู ููุงุณูุจู | suitable; convenient. It is the active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) of the III-verb ูุงุณูุจู – ูููุงุณูุจู which means to suit; to be suitable. For example: this is good! that fits (ููฐุฐุง ู ููุงุณูุจู) |
ุตูุนููุฏู pl: ูุตูุนูุฏ | level; area; domain; field |
ุชูุฏูุฎูููู | interference; intervention. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the V-verb ุชูุฏูุฎูููู – ููุชูุฏูุฎูููู ููู which means to interfere in. For example: military intervention (ุชูุฏูุฎูููู ุนูุณูููุฑูููู) |
ุงูุญูุชูุฌุงุฌู pl: ุงูุญูุชูุฌุงุฌุงุชู | objection; protest. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the VIII-verb ุงูุญูุชูุฌูู – ููุญูุชูุฌูู ุนูููู which means to protest against; to object. |
ู
ูุณุงุฑู pl: ู ูุณุงุฑุงุชู | path; route; course. Depending on the context, it is the noun of place (ุงูุณูู ู ู ููุงูู) or a special type of the verbal noun, the Masdar Mimiy (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู ู ููู ูููู), of the I-verb ุณุงุฑู – ููุณูุฑู which means to go, to walk. Note: An Egyptian band from Alexandria is called Massar Egbari (ู ูุณุงุฑ ุฅูุฌุจุงุฑููู). They explain their name as Compulsory Detour. |
ู ูุฏูููููู | civil; civic. It is the Nisba adjective (ููุณูุจุฉู) of ู ูุฏููููุฉู which today mainly denotes city. |
ุนูุณูููุฑุฉู | militarization, militarism |
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ุฌูุณูู
ู pl: ุฃูุฌูุณุงู ู or ุฌูุณููู ู | body; object. For example: the human body (ุฌูุณูู ู ุงููุฅููุณุงูู) |
ุซูููุฑุฉู | revolution; revolt; uprising. It is the verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the I-verb ุซุงุฑู – ููุซูุฑู which means to revolt. For example: The French Revolution (ุงูุซููููุฑุฉู ุงููููุฑูููุณููุฉู) |
ููููู ููู – ููููููู ููู ุนูููู | to dominate; to control. The verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) is ููููู ููุฉู. It is a I-verb based on four root letters. For example: to control a region (ููููู ููู ุนูููู ู ูููุทููุฉู). Watch out: Depending on the context, ููููู ููู may also mean: to say “amen” (ูุงูู ุขู ููู) |
ุงููุฅูุณููุงู ููููููู | The Islamists. This is the masculine human plural ุฌูู ูุนู ุงููู ูุฐููููุฑู ุงูุณููุงููู ู. It is a relatively new term. You should be careful when using it as the adjective ุฅูุณููุงู ูููู just means Islamic and does not have any bad connotation in the Arab world at all. For example: the Islamic law = Sharia (ุงูุดููุฑููุนุฉู ุงููุฅูุณููุงู ููุฉู) |
ุฑูุบูู ู | despite; in spite of; for all; notwithstanding. Often used with ุฃูููู as in ุฑูุบูู ู ุฃูู which means although. |
ููุฒููู
ุฉู pl: ููุฒุงุฆูู ู | defeat. It is a verbal noun form (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) of the I-verb ููุฒูู ู – ููููุฒูู ู which means to defeat. For example: to gain a crushing victory (ููุฒูู ู ููุฒูู ุฉู ุณุงุญููุฉู). |
ุฅูููุง ุฃูููู | but; however; only |
ู ูุฏูุนููู ู | supported; reinforced; subsidized. It is the passive participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงููู ูููุนูููู) of the I-verb ุฏูุนูู ู – ููุฏูุนูู ู which means to support. For example: subsidized loans (ููุฑููุถู ู ูุฏูุนููู ูุฉู). |
ู ุง ุฒุงูู or ูุง ููุฒุงูู | still. This is a common phrase consisting of the negation particle and the I-verb ุฒุงูู – ููุฒุงูู which literally means not stop being. For example: he is still poor (ู ุง ุฒุงูู ูููููุฑูุง) |
ุณูููุทูุฑู – ููุณูููุทูุฑู ุนูููู | to rule; to master; to control. It is a I-verb based on four root letters. The verbal noun (ู ูุตูุฏูุฑู) is ุณูููุทูุฑุฉู. |
ุฌูููุจู pl: ุฌูููุจ | pocket; also: small compartment of a suitcase. For example: a pocket dictionary (ูุงู ููุณู ุฌูููุจู) |
For +members: Vocab Quiz 07/24
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Media Arabic Booster 07-24
All the Arabic words from Media Arabic Booster, episode 07-24.
Media Arabic Booster 03/25
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