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A close look at a headline
al-Masry al-Youm: Israel on the “List of Shame”
What is the reason and background for this article? For the first time, the Secretary-General of the United Nations has placed the Israeli Defense Forces on the so-called “list of shame”. This annual list names armed groups and military forces that recruit children, harm them, commit sexual violence, or attack schools and hospitals. The list is part of a report on “Children and Armed Conflict,” which aims to hold violators accountable and protect the rights of children in war zones. Being on this list means violating international laws for the safety of children in conflict zones.
Let’s see how this renders in Arabic.
ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูู ุนูู ยซูุงุฆู ุฉ ุงูุนุงุฑยป
Israel on the ยซList of Shameยป
Let’s focus on the word ุงูุนุงุฑ. There are two roots which may produce the same output:
ุน-ู-ุฑ โ ุนุงุฑู
The I-verb ุนุงุฑู – ููุนูุฑู means to stray, to wander; to come and go. The II-verb ุนููููุฑู – ููุนููููุฑู ุนูููู means to insult; to abuse. From this root, we get the noun ุนุงุฑู (a regular noun with regular case endings) which is used in the above headline. ุนุงุฑู means shame, disgrace. The plural of ุนุงุฑู is ุฃูุนูููุงุฑู.
ุน-ุฑ-ู โ ุนุงุฑู
The I-verb ููุนูุฑูู – ุนูุฑููู ุนููู means to be naked; to be exposed; also: to be free/bare of. The noun ุนุงุฑู means naked, nude; also: void (ุฎุงูู). It is an active participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู). The plural forms are ุนุงุฑูููู and ุนูุฑูุงุฉู or feminine ุนุงุฑููุงุชู and ุนูุฑูุงุฉู. For example: flawless (ุนุงุฑู ู ูู ููููู ุนูููุจู). Remark: Notice the ending! ุนุงุฑู is a so-called noun with a reduced, incomplete ending (ุงูุณูู ู ู ููููููุตู) – if you don’t know it, check out this article.
How to handle the number 8 in Arabic – a core analysis
Vocabulary list
All words marked in color above are explained here.
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ูุงุฆูู
ุฉู pl.: ูููุงุฆูู ู or ูุงุฆูู ุงุชู | list; table. For example: waiting list (ูุงุฆูู ุฉู ุงููุงูููุชูุธุงุฑู); to put someone on the black list (ุณูุฌูููู ุดูุฎูุตูุง ููู ุงูููุงุฆูู ุฉู ุงูุณููููุฏุงุกู). Note: The root of this word is ู-ู-ู . The I-verb ูุงู ู – ูููููู ู has dozens of meanings. One of the most basic is to stand up. |
ุนุงุฑู ุนูููู | shame, disgrace (for). Notice: The root is ุน-ู-ุฑ. |
Translation of an article
Let’s look at parts of a longer newspaper article in Arabic. We will translate each sentence carefully. The highlighted words are in the vocabulary list below.
al-Arabi al-Jadeed: “Did Israel cut off Egypt’s gas supplies to politically blackmail it?”
On June 13, 2024, the following analysis was published in the Qatari-owned London-based newspaper al-Arabi al-Jadeed (ุงูุนุฑุจู ุงูุฌุฏูุฏ). It deals with the supply of natural gas from Israel to Egypt and whether and how Israel may have used this recently to put pressure on Egypt.
The issue of EXPORTING gas to Israel: Egypt under the regime of Hosni Mubarak (ุญุณูู ู ุจุงุฑู) agreed to export natural gas to Israel in 2005, based on the 1979 peace accords. Egypt supplied Israel with 40% of its natural gas at lower than market prices, with corruption reducing state revenues. The Egyptian media (when the media was not heavily censored and in sync) accused Mubarak’s sons and corrupt businessmen of taking 2.5 to 5 percent of revenues. After Mubarak’s regime fell in 2011, at least 14 attacks on the pipeline transporting gas to Israel were counted. Egypt ended its gas export contract with Israel in April 2012.1
The issue of IMPORTING gas from Israel: Egypt’s population is growing rapidly and the country lacks sufficient natural resources such as oil and gas, which are essential for power generation. To meet its growing energy needs, Egypt now imports natural gas from Israel’s offshore Tamar gas field in the eastern Mediterranean, which was discovered in 2009. Egypt’s need for natural gas and its role in the Gaza war have put it in an increasingly difficult political situation. Egypt’s already limited gas supply was further reduced in June 2024 by the temporary closure of Israel’s Tamar gas field “for maintenance” as announced.2 Electricity shortages are becoming an increasing problem in Egypt as heat waves increase demand for cooling.
Let’s now take a closer look at a few complete paragraphs.
Section 1
ุฑุจุท ุฎุจุฑุงุก ูุณูุงุณููู ู ุตุฑููู ุจูู ุงูุชุฑุงุฌุน ุงูู ุตุฑู ุนู ุงูุงูุถู ุงู ุฅูู ุฌููุจ ุฃูุฑูููุง ูู ู ูุงุถุงุฉ ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูู ุฃู ุงู ู ุญูู ุฉ ุงูุนุฏู ุงูุฏูููุฉุ ูุจูู ุฅูุฏุงู ุงูุฌุงูุจ ุงูุฅุณุฑุงุฆููู ุจุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุนูุงุจู ุจุชุนุทูู ุดุญูุงุช ุบุงุฒ ูุงูุช ู ูุฑุฑุฉ ูู ุตุฑ ููุงูุฉ ุดูุฑ ู ุงูู/ุฃูุงุฑ ุงูู ุงุถูุ ู ุง ุฃุฏู ุฅูู ุชูุงูู ุฃุฒู ุฉ ุฅู ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงูุทุงูุฉ ุงูุชู ุถุงุนูุช ุฃุฒู ุฉ ุงููุทุงุนุงุช ุงูุชูุงุฑ ุงูููุฑุจุงุฆู. ุณุจุจ ุงูุฑุจุท ุจุดูู ุฃุณุงุณู ูู ุฃูู ูู ุชุญุฏุซ ุฃูุฉ ุฎุทูุงุช ุนู ููุฉ ู ุตุฑูุฉ ุนูู ุตุนูุฏ ุฏุนู ุงูุฏุนูู ูู ูุงูุงูุ ุงูุชู ุงุชููู ุช ูููุง ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูู ุจุงุฑุชูุงุจ ุฌุฑุงุฆู ุงูุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ุงูุฌู ุงุนูุฉ ูู ูุทุงุน ุบุฒุฉ.
Egyptian experts and politicians have linked Egypt’s backing down on joining South Africa in suing Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to the Israeli side’s decision to take punitive measures by disrupting gas shipments that were due to reach Egypt at the end of May, leading to an escalation of the energy supply crisis that has exacerbated power outages. The main reason for establishing this link is that Egypt has not taken any practical steps to support the case in The Hague, in which Israel is accused of committing genocide in the Gaza Strip.
Section 2
ูุถููุง ุนู ุฐููุ ูุตูุช ุชูุฌููุงุช ุฅูู ูุณุงุฆู ุงูุฅุนูุงู ุงูู ู ูููุฉ ููุดุฑูุฉ ุงูู ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงูู ุญุณูุจุฉ ุนูู ุฌูุงุฒ ุงูู ุฎุงุจุฑุงุช ูู ู ุตุฑ ุจุนุฏู ุฐูุฑ ุงูุชุญุฑู ุงูู ูุชุฑุถ ุงูุฐู ุณุจู ุฃู ุฃุนููุช ุนูู ุงููุงูุฑุฉุ ูู 12 ู ุงูู/ุฃูุงุฑ ุงูู ุงุถูุ ุจุนุฒู ูุง ุงูุงูุถู ุงู ูุฏุนู ุงูุฏุนูู ุงูู ูุฏู ุฉ ู ู ุฌููุจ ุฃูุฑูููุงุ ู ุน ุชุฑููุฒ ุงูุชุนููู ุงุช ุนูู ุฃู ุงูุชุญุฑู ุงูู ุตุฑู ู ูุตุจ ุจุงูุฃุณุงุณ ุนูู ุงูุฌูุงูุจ ุงูุฅูุณุงููุฉ ู ุน ุงูุญูุงุธ ุนูู ุฏูุฑ ุงููุณูุท ูููุงูุฑุฉ.
Additionally, instructions were sent to the media outlets owned by United Media Services, which is affiliated with Egypt’s intelligence apparatus, to not mention the supposed move that was previously announced by Cairo on May 12 regarding its intention to join the lawsuit filed by South Africa, while insisting that the Egyptian move is primarily focused on the humanitarian aspect and Cairo’s mediating role.
The best way to answer this question is to simply delete all the subordinate information and focus on the main parts. In the end there is only one word left: ุชูุญูุฑููู
ูุถููุง ุนู ุฐููุ ูุตูุช ุชูุฌููุงุช ุฅูู ูุณุงุฆู ุงูุฅุนูุงู
ุงูู
ู
ูููุฉ ููุดุฑูุฉ ุงูู
ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงูู
ุญุณูุจุฉ ุนูู ุฌูุงุฒ ุงูู
ุฎุงุจุฑุงุช ูู ู
ุตุฑ ุจุนุฏู
ุฐูุฑ ุงูุชุญุฑู ุงูู
ูุชุฑุถ ุงูุฐู ุณุจู ุฃู ุฃุนููุช ุนูู ุงููุงูุฑุฉุ ูู 12 ู
ุงูู/ุฃูุงุฑ ุงูู
ุงุถูุ ุจุนุฒู
ูุง ุงูุงูุถู
ุงู
ูุฏุนู
Since this infinitive noun is derived from a V-verb form that does not take a direct object (= intransitive), we need the preposition ุจ to add any kind of object.
Section 3
ูุฃุดุงุฑ ู ุตุฏุฑ ู ุตุฑู ูู ุญุฏูุซู ูู”ุงูุนุฑุจู ุงูุฌุฏูุฏ” ุฅูู ุฃู ุงูุฌุงูุจ ุงูุฅุณุฑุงุฆููู “ุงุณุชูุฏ ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุฅูู ุจูุฏ ูู ุนููุฏ ุงูุบุงุฒ ุงูู ููุนุฉ ุจูู ู ุตุฑ ูุฅุณุฑุงุฆูู ุฎุงุต ุจุฅู ูุงููุฉ ููู ุงูุฅู ุฏุงุฏุงุช ู ู ุฏูู ุดุฑูุท ุฌุฒุงุฆูุฉ ุฃู ุบุฑุงู ุงุชุ ุญุงู ุชุนุฐุฑ ุงูุฃูุถุงุน ุงูุฃู ููุฉ”. ููุดู ุงูู ุตุฏุฑ ุฃู ู ุง ุถุงุนู ุชุฃุซูุฑ ุงูุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงูุฅุณุฑุงุฆููู ูู ุชุจุงุทุค ุดุญูุงุช ู ูุงุฏ ุจุชุฑูููุฉ ูุงูุช ู ูุฑุฑุฉ ูู ุงูููุช ุฐุงุชู ู ู ุงูุณุนูุฏูุฉุ ูุงูุช ุชุญุตู ุนูููุง ู ุตุฑ ุจุฃุณุนุงุฑ ุชู ููุฒูุฉ ูุจูุธุงู ุฏูุน ู ูุณุฑ.
Speaking to Al-Araby al-Jadeed, an Egyptian source indicated that the Israeli side “based this measure on a clause in the gas contracts signed between Egypt and Israel, which allows for the possibility of stopping supplies without punitive conditions or fines, if the security situation becomes difficult.” According to the source, what deepened the impact of the Israeli measure was the slow progress of other fuel shipments that should have been delivered at the same time from Saudi Arabia, which Egypt was getting at preferential prices and concessional payment terms (~ installments?).
Section 4
ูุงุฆุจ ู ุฏูุฑ ู ุฑูุฒ ุงูุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงูุณูุงุณูุฉ ูุงูุงุณุชุฑุงุชูุฌูุฉ ุจุงูุฃูุฑุงู ุนู ุฑู ูุงุดู ุฑุจูุน ุฃุนุฑุจ ุนู ุงุนุชูุงุฏูุ ูู ุญุฏูุซู ูู”ุงูุนุฑุจู ุงูุฌุฏูุฏ”ุ ุฃู “ุฃุฒู ุฉ ุฎูุถ ุฅู ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงูุบุงุฒ ุงูุฅุณุฑุงุฆููู ูู ุตุฑ ุณูุงุณูุฉ ุจุงู ุชูุงุฒุ ุฅุฐ ุชุณุนู ุชู ุฃุจูุจ ู ู ูุฑุงุก ุฐูู ููุถุบุท ุนูู ู ุตุฑ ูุงูุชุฒุงุน ุชูุงุฒูุงุช ุณูุงุณูุฉุ ูุนูุงุจูุง ูููุงูุฑุฉ ุนูู ุญุฒู ุฉ ู ู ุงูุชูุฌูุงุช ุงูู ุตุฑูุฉุ ูู ููุง ุฑูุถ ุงุญุชูุงู ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูู ู ุนุจุฑ ุฑูุญ ูู ู ุฑ ูููุงุฏูููุง ูุฑูุถ ุฏุฎูู ุงูู ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ุงูุฅูุณุงููุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุฌุงูุจ ุงูููุณุทููู ู ู ู ุนุจุฑ ุฑูุญุ ุจุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุฃู ุชู ุฃุจูุจ ููุณุช ุทุฑููุง ูู ุงุชูุงููุฉ ุชุดุบูู ุงูู ุนุจุฑุ ู ุง ุดููู ุฅุญุฑุงุฌูุง ุดุฏูุฏูุง ูุชู ุฃุจูุจ ุฃู ุงู ุงูู ุฌุชู ุน ุงูุฏููู”. ููุงู ูุงุดู ุฑุจูุน ุฅู ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูู “ู ุณุชุงุกุฉ ููุบุงูุฉ ู ู ุฅุฏุงูุฉ ู ุตุฑ ุงูู ุฌุงุฒุฑ ุงูุฅุณุฑุงุฆูููุฉ ูู ุตููู ุงูู ุฏูููู ุงูููุณุทูููููุ ูุขุฎุฑูุง ู ุฌุงุฒุฑ ุงููุตูุฑุงุชุ ูุฅุนูุงู ู ุตุฑ ุงูุถู ุงู ูุง ุฅูู ุฏุนูู ุฌููุจ ุฃูุฑูููุง ุฃู ุงู ู ุญูู ุฉ ุงูุนุฏู ุงูุฏูููุฉ.
Speaking to Al-Araby al-Jadeed, Amr Hashem Rabeeh, deputy director of the Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, argued that “the crisis of reducing Israeli gas supplies to Egypt is political par excellence, as Tel Aviv is using that to pressure Egypt into making political concessions, and to punish Cairo for a series of Egyptian inclinations, including the rejection of Israel’s occupation of the Rafah crossing and the Philadelphia Axis and the refusal to deliver humanitarian aid to the Palestinian side through the Rafah crossing, seeing as how (considering that) Tel Aviv is not a party to the agreement to operate the crossing. And this has significantly embarrassed Tel Aviv in front of the international community”. Hashem Rabeeh said that Israel is very upset by Egypt’s condemnation of the Israeli massacres of Palestinian civilians, the most recent of which is the Nuseirat massacre, and Egypt’s announcement to join South Africa’s lawsuit at the International Court of Justice.
Section 5
ููุถุน ุฐูุงุจ ุชู ุฃุจูุจ ูู ุงุจุชุฒุงุฒ ู ุตุฑ ุฅูู ุฃูุตู ู ุฏู ูู ุณูุงู “ู ุญุงููุฉ ุฎูู ุฑุฃู ุนุงู ุดุนุจู ุถุฏ ุตุงูุน ุงููุฑุงุฑ ูู ู ุตุฑุ ูุฅุธูุงุฑ ุงูุญููู ุฉ ุงูู ุตุฑูุฉ ูู ูุถุน ุงูุนุงุฌุฒ ูู ู ูุงุฌูุฉ ุฃุฒู ุฉ ุงูููุฑุจุงุก”ุ… ู ุดูุฑูุง ุฅูู ุฃู ู ุตุฑ “ุฃู ุงู ูุง ุจุฏุงุฆู ุนุฏูุฏุฉุ ูู ููุง ุงูุชูุฌู ุฅูู ูุทุฑ ูุงูุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ ููุญุตูู ุนูู ุงุญุชูุงุฌุงุชูุง ู ู ุงูุบุงุฒุ ูุฃู ุงูุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ ุชุจุฏู ุงูุฃูุซุฑ ู ูุงุณุจุฉ ูุฐูู ูุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูุทุฑ ุจุนููุฏ ูุดุฑูุท ุฌุฒุงุฆูุฉ ูุชุตุฏูุฑ ุงูุบุงุฒ ุฅูู ุนุฏุฏ ูุจูุฑ ู ู ุฏูู ุงูุนุงูู ”.
So, he placed Tel Aviv’s extreme blackmailing of Egypt in the context of “an attempt to create popular anger toward the decision-makers in Egypt, and depict the Egyptian government as being unable to face the electricity crisis.” … “He pointed out that Egypt has “many options, including turning to Qatar and Algeria to obtain its gas needs, although Algeria seems to be the most suitable given that Qatar is bound by contracts and penal conditions to export gas to a large number of countries in the world”.
Section 6
ุฃู ุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ููุฏุณุฉ ุงูุทุงูุฉ ุจุฌุงู ุนุฉ ุงูุฒูุงุฒูู ุญุงูุธ ุณูู ุงููุ ูุฑุฃู ุฃู ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฎูุถ ุฅู ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงูุบุงุฒ ุงูุฅุณุฑุงุฆููู ูู ุตุฑ ุงูุบุงุฒ ูุฏ ุชููู ููุง ุงุนุชุจุงุฑุงุช ูููุฉุ ูุชุนูุฏ ูุชุทูุฑุงุช ุงูุญุฑุจ ูู ุบุฒุฉุ ูุงูุชูุชุฑุงุช ุนูู ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ุงููุจูุงููุฉุ ุจุดูู ูู ูู ู ุนู ุชูุฌูู ูู ูุงุช ุฃูุซุฑ ู ู ุงูุตุงุฏุฑุงุช ุงูุฅุณุฑุงุฆูููุฉ ููู ุฌููุฏ ุงูุญุฑุจูุ ููุชุนููุถ ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุงูุทูุจ ุนูู ุงูุบุงุฒ ูู ุงูุฏุงุฎู ุงูุฅุณุฑุงุฆููู.
On the other hand, Hafiz Salmawy, a professor of energy engineering at Zagazig University, believes that the resons for the reduction of the Israeli gas supplies to Egypt may have technical considerations, linked to the developments in the war in Gaza and the tensions on the Lebanese border, in a way that requires the shifting of the Israeli exports toward the war effort, and the compensation of the increasing demand for gas on the Israeli domestic stage.
Vocabulary list
Section 1
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ุงูุจูุชูุฒุงุฒู | blackmail, blackmailing; also: extortion; robbery. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the VIII-verb ุงุจูุชูุฒูู – ููุจูุชูุฒูู which means to blackmail, also: to rob, to usurp. For example: to take money out of people’s pockets (ุงูุจูุชูุฒูู ุฃูู ููุงูู ุงูููุงุณู). Note: The root ุจ-ุฒ-ุฒ denotes to take away; to snatch. This explains the more general meaning of the VIII-verb, which is to usurp. |
ุชูุฑุงุฌูุนู ุนููู | backing down on (ุนููู); decline, slowdown; regression (in economics). Also: withdrawal, retreat (ุชููุงุฒููู). For example: economic regression (ุชูุฑุงุฌูุนู ุงูููุชูุตุงุฏูููู). It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the VI-verb ุชูุฑุงุฌูุนู – ููุชูุฑุงุฌูุนู which means to withdraw, to go back; to collapse; to revoke; to decline. |
ุงูููุถูู ุงู ู ุฅูููู | joining, entering. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the VII-verb ุงููุถูู ูู – ููููุถูู ูู which means to join. You often hear this in live interviews when the host begins by saying, “joining us now from xxx is…” (ููููุถูู ูู ุฅููููููุง ู ููู). |
ู ููุงุถุงุฉู | suing; also: prosecution; trial. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the III-verb ูุงุถูู – ูููุงุถูู which means to summon before a judge, to bring before a court of justice. |
ู ูุญูููู ูุฉู ุงููุนูุฏููู ุงูุฏูููููููููุฉู | the International Court of Justice |
ุฌุงููุจู pl.: ุฌููุงููุจู | side; part. For example: on the other hand (ููู ููู ุฌุงููุจู ุขุฎูุฑู); humanitarian aspects (ุฌููุงููุจู ุฅูููุณุงูููููุฉู) |
ุฅููุฏุงู ู | audacity, boldness, daring; courageous approach to (ุนูููู). It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูููุฏูู ู – ููููุฏูู ู ุนูููู which means to risk/dare; to undertake (courageously); to venture upon. For example: to take a risk (ุฃูููุฏูู ู ุนูููู ู ูุฌุงุฒูููุฉู) |
ุนููุงุจูููู | penal, punitive. It is the nisba adjective (ููุณูุจุฉ) of the noun ุนููุงุจู which means punishment, sanction. |
ุชูุนูุทูููู | stopping; suspension. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the II-verb ุนูุทูููู – ููุนูุทูููู which means to put out of action, to suspend; but also: to break or destroy. |
ุดูุญูููุฉู pl.: ุดูุญููู or ุดูุญููุงุชู | freight, cargo; in electricity: charge. For example: battery charge (ุดูุญููุฉู ุจูุทูุงุฑููุฉู). Note: You may also hear that people use a different first vowel, e.g., ุดูุญููุฉ or even ุดูุญููุฉ. |
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ู ูููุฑููุฑู | decided; intended; set. It is the passive participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงููู ูููุนูููู) of the II-verb ููุฑููุฑู – ููููุฑููุฑู which means to decide; to determine. For example: It was decided/intended that… (ูุงูู ู ููู ุงููู ูููุฑููุฑู ุฃููู) |
ุฃูุฏููู – ููุคูุฏููู ุฅูููู | to lead to. It is a II-verb; the root is: ุฃ-ุฏ-ู |
ุชููุงููู ู | deterioration, worsening. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the VI-verb ุชููุงููู ู – ููุชููุงููู ู which means to escalate; to deteriorate. For example: escalation of the crisis (ุชููุงููู ู ุงููุฃูุฒูู ุฉู); worsening of the situation (ุชููุงููู ุงูุฃูููุถุงุนู). With the verb: the crisis is escalating (ููุชููุงููู ู ุงููุฃูุฒูู ุฉู) |
ุฅูู ูุฏุงุฏู ุจู | supply; delivery. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูู ูุฏูู – ููู ูุฏูู ุจู which means to provide; to supply with. For example: to provide the journalist with information (ุฃูู ูุฏูู ุงูุตููุญูููููู ุจูุงููู ูุนููููู ุงุชู) |
ุถุงุนููู – ููุถุงุนููู | to increase; to raise; to double (also in the sense of: to multiply if a number follows). It is a III-verb. For example: to triple (ุถุงุนููู ุซููุงุซู ู ูุฑูุงุชู). The verb can also express an increase in a general sense. For example: to be extra careful (ุถุงุนููู ุงููุญููุทุฉู) |
ุชูููุงุฑู | stream, current, flow. When talking about the ocean: tide. When talking about politics or society, it means movement or trend. For example: a political movement (ุชูููุงุฑู ุณููุงุณูููู) |
ููููุฑูุจุงุฆูููู | electric(al). For example: electric current (ุชูููุงุฑู ููููุฑูุจุงุฆูููู); mains current (ุชูููุงุฑ ุงูุดูุจููุฉู ุงูููููุฑูุจุงุฆููุฉู). Remark: voltage ( ~ tension) is often translated as ุฌูููุฏู or ุชูููุชููุฑู ููููุฑูุจุงุฆูููู. |
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ุนูููู ุงูุตููุนูุฏู | on/at the level. For example: at the international level (ุนูููู ุงูุตููุนูุฏู ุงูุฏููููููููู). Very common is the expression on the other hand (ุนูููู ุตูุนููุฏู ุขุฎูุฑู). The noun ุตูุนููุฏ has many meanings. In general, it denotes level, area, domain, field. Talking about countries or landscapes, it means highlands, plateau, as in Upper Egypt (ุตูุนููุฏู ู ูุตูุฑู or simply ุงูุตููุนููุฏู). |
ุฏูุนูููู pl.: ุฏูุนุงูู or ุฏูุนุงููู | lawsuit; court case. Don’t confuse it with ุฏูุนููุฉู (of the same root) which means invitation, call or in religion: supplication/prayer (ุฏูุนุงุก). |
ูุงูุงู | The Hague. Note: ูุงูุงู is feminine. |
ุงูุฑูุชููุงุจู | Committing (a crime); perpetrating. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the VIII-verb ุงุฑูุชูููุจู – ููุฑูุชูููุจู which means to commit, perpetrate. For example: to commit a crime (ุงูุฑูุชูููุจู ุฌูุฑููู ุฉู) |
ุฅูุจุงุฏุฉู ุฌูู ุงุนูููุฉู | genocide. The noun ุฅูุจุงุฏุฉู means annihilation, extermination and is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูุจุงุฏู – ููุจูุฏู which means to exterminate; to massacre. |
Section 2
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ููุถูููุง ุนููู ุฐูฐูููู | moreover, besides, additionally. Note: ููุถูููุง ุนู just means aside from. |
ุชูููุฌูููู – ุชูููุฌูููุงุชู | instructions; directives; also: advice; forwarding. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the II-verb ููุฌูููู – ููููุฌูููู ุฅูููู which means to direct; to steer; also: to send. |
ููุณุงุฆููู ุงูุฅูุนููุงู ู | media; mass media |
ู ูู ูููููู ูู | owned by (= ูู). For example: state-owned industries (ุตููุงุนุงุชู ู ูู ููููููุฉู ูููุฏููููููุฉู) |
ุฌููุงุฒู pl.: ุฃูุฌูููุฒุฉู | device; apparatus |
ุฌููุงุฒู ู ูุฎุงุจูุฑุงุชู | secret service. Often just with the definite article: ุงููู ูุฎุงุจูุฑุงุชู. For example: CIA – Central Intelligence Agency (ูููุงููุฉู ุงููุงูุณูุชูุฎูุจุงุฑุงุชู ุงููู ูุฑูููุฒููููุฉู); often also just ุณู ุขู ุงูู. |
ุนูุฏูู ู | non-, un-, in-. Usually, it is put before a noun to express its nonexistence. For example: lack of interest (ุนูุฏูู ู ุงููุงูููุชูู ุงู ู). |
ู ูููุชูุฑูุถู | presumed; supposed; alleged. It is the passive participle (ุงูุณูู
ู ุงููู
ูููุนูููู) of the VIII-verb ุงููุชูุฑูุถู – ููููุชูุฑูุถู which means to assume. For example: it can be assumed that (ู
ููู ุงููู
ูููุชูุฑูุถู ุฃููู). |
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ุชูุญูุฑูููู | initiative; move; action. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the V-verb ุชูุญูุฑูููู – ููุชูุญูุฑูููู which means to move; to get moving. |
ุฃูุนููููู – ููุนููููู ุนููู | to make public; to announce. It is a IV-verb. |
ุนูุฒูู ู | intention; decision. For example: to announce one’s decision (ุฃูุนููููู ุนูุฒูู ููู) |
ู ูููุฏููู ู | submitted; presented. As an adverb, ู ูููุฏููู ูุง, it means in advance; previously, beforehand. |
ุชูุนููููู ุงุชู | instructions. Similar meaning as the word ุชูููุฌูููู. For example: clear instructions (ุชูุนููููู ุงุชู ูุงุถูุญูุฉู) |
ู ูููุตูุจูู ุนูููู | directed, targeted at. It is the passive participle of the VII-verb ุงููุตูุจูู – ููููุตูุจูู ุนูููู which means to be aimed at, to be focused (also: to be poured out). Watch out: Do not mispronounce the word as ู ูููุตูุจู means position, job, function or tripod, stand. |
Section 3
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ุงุณูุชูููุฏู – ููุณูุชูููุฏู ุฅูููู | to support; to lean; to be based on. VIII-verb. For example: to be based on facts (ุงูุณูุชูููุฏู ุฅูููู ูููุงุฆูุนู) |
ุจูููุฏู pl.: ุจููููุฏู | paragraph; item; section |
ุฌูุฒุงุฆูููู | penal; also: criminal (adjective) |
ุบูุฑุงู ุฉู | fine; penalty |
ุญุงูู | as soon as; whenever – used as an adverb. |
ุชูุนูุฐููุฑู | impossibility. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the V-verb ุชูุนูุฐููุฑู – ููุชูุนูุฐููุฑู which means to be impossible. It is often used to convey the idea of not meeting conditions, more than the literal sense. For example: in case something is not able to be provided (ููู ุญุงูู ุชูุนูุฐููุฑู ุชููููููุฑู ุดูููุกู). |
ุชูุจุงุทูุคู | delay; slowdown. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the VI-verb ุชูุจุงุทูุฃู – ููุชูุจุงุทูุฃู which means to linger; to be slow. Notice that the third root letter is ุก. For example: economic slowdown (ุชูุจุงุทูุคู ุงูููุชูุตุงุฏูููู) |
ุชูู ููููุฒูููู | discriminatory |
ู ูููุณููุฑู | facilitated; simplified; concessional. For example: concessional terms (ุดูุฑููุทู ู ูููุณููุฑูุฉู); soft loan (ููุฑูุถู ู ูููุณููุฑู). |
Section 4
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ุฃูุนูุฑูุจู – ููุนูุฑูุจู ุนููู | to express; to put into words. It is a IV-verb. |
ุงูุนูุชููุงุฏู | view, opinion, belief. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the VIII-verb ุงุนูุชูููุฏู – ููุนูุชูููุฏู which means to believe; to think and is followed by ุฃูููู – “to think that…” |
ุจูุงูู ูุชููุงุฒู | par excellence; with high distinction |
ุงูููุชูุฒุงุนู | extracting; removal; withdrawal; also: grabbing; gaining. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the VIII-verb ุงููุชูุฒูุนู – ููููุชูุฒูุนู which means to pull out; to snatch; to gain |
ุชููุงุฒููู | concession. For example: to make concessions (ููุฏููู ู ุชููุงุฒููุงุชู). It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the VI-verb ุชููุงุฒููู – ููุชููุงุฒููู which means to resign; to give up. |
ุญูุฒูู
ูุฉู pl.: ุญูุฒูู ุงุชู or ุญูุฒูู ู | bunch; bundle |
ุชูููุฌูููู pl.: ุชูููุฌูููุงุชู | inclination; tendency. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the V-verb ุชูููุฌูููู – ููุชูููุฌูููู ุฅูููู which means to head; to turn. The first root letter is ู. |
ุจูุงุนูุชูุจุงุฑู ุฃูููู | with regard to the fact that; considering that… Also: ุนูููู ุงูุนูุชูุจุงุฑู ุฃูููู |
ุฅุญูุฑุงุฌู | embarrassment. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูุญูุฑูุฌู – ููุญูุฑูุฌู which means to embarrass someone. Watch out: ุฅุฎูุฑุงุฌู with ุฎ means taking out; production. |
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ู ูุณูุชุงุกู ู ููู | annoyed; offended by something. It is the active (ุงูุณูู ู ุงูููุงุนููู) OR passive participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงููู ูููุนูููู) of the VIII-verb ุงุณูุชุงุกู – ููุณูุชุงุกู which means to be offended, to be annoyed. The root is ุณ-ู-ุก. |
ุฅููุฏุงูุฉู | condemnation. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูุฏุงูู – ููุฏููู which means to condemn; to convict. When used in the sense of convict, you add the person as a direct object and the reason for the conviction with the preposition ุจู. |
ู
ูุฌูุฒูุฑุฉู pl.: ู ูุฌุงุฒูุฑู | massacre; bloodbath. It can also denote slaughterhouse or butcher. |
Section 5
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ู ูุฏูู | scope; range; extent. For example: long-range (ุทูููููู ุงููู ูุฏูู); as far as the eye can see (ุนูููู ู ูุฏูู ุงูุจูุตูุฑู). It is also part of the name of an independent Egyptian online newspaper: Mada Masr (ู ุฏู ู ุตุฑ). |
ุฅุธููุงุฑู | display. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูุธูููุฑู – ููุธูููุฑู which means to show; to display; to demonstrate. |
ุนุงุฌูุฒู | incapable; unable; also: disabled. |
ุจูุฏูููู pl.: ุจูุฏุงุฆููู | alternative; option; substitute. For example: there is no other option (ูุง ุจูุฏูููู ุนููู ููฐุฐุง) |
Section 6
ARABIC | EXPLANATION |
---|---|
ุงูุนูุชูุจุงุฑู pl.: ุงูุนูุชูุจุงุฑุงุชู | consideration; reason. For example: for security reasons (ุจูุณูุจูุจู ุงุนูุชูุจุงุฑุงุชู ุฃูู ููููุฉู). Watch out: the phrase ุงูุนูุชูุจุงุฑูุง ู ููู means starting from, as of… |
ูููููููู | technical; also artistic – when used as an adjective. Otherwise, it means technician. |
ููู ูููุฉู | quantity; amount; bunch. For example: a large amount (ููู ููููุฉู ููุจููุฑุฉู) |
ุตุงุฏูุฑู pl.: ุตุงุฏูุฑุงุชู | exporting; export product. Usually only used in the plural when it denotes exports or export in general. For example: export volume (ุญูุฌูู ู ุงูุตุงุฏูุฑุงุชู). If you also talk about imports, it is best to use the word ูุงุฑูุฏุงุชู if you talk about items. If you focus on the process, you’d better use ุงูุณูุชููุฑุงุฏู. |
ู ูุฌููููุฏู | effort. For example: to make an effort (ุจูุฐููู ู ูุฌููููุฏูุง). It is the passive participle (ุงูุณูู ู ุงููู ูููุนูููู) of the I-verb ุฌูููุฏู – ููุฌูููุฏู which means to strive. |
ุชูุนููููุถู | compensation; reimbursement. It is the ู ูุตูุฏูุฑ of the II-verb ุนููููุถู – ููุนููููุถู which means to compensate. For example: a once-in-a-lifetime chance (ููุฑูุตูุฉู ูุง ุชูุนููููุถู) |
For +members: Vocab Quiz 06/24
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Media Arabic Booster 06-24
All the Arabic words from Media Arabic Booster, episode 06-24.
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- Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-17808954 โฉ๏ธ
- Source: MadaMasr – https://yalla.li/stv0n โฉ๏ธ
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