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Media Arabic Booster 06/24

This month (06/24) in Media Arabic Booster: The List of Shame and an article on whether Israel cut off Egypt’s gas supplies as political blackmail.

Last updated: 2 weeks

As a journalist, I read Arabic newspapers daily, especially the . Every month, I want to share with you on Arabic for Nerds what I find interesting from a linguistic perspective and which vocabulary might be worth learning. I call it the Media Arabic Booster.



A close look at a headline

Headlines in Arabic media are generally easy to understand – but there are also some tricky words.

al-Masry al-Youm: Israel on the “List of Shame”

On Saturday, June 8, 2024, the Egyptian newspaper al-Masry al-Youm (ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…) published the following headline on its frontage:

Al-Masry al-Youm, Headline 08 June 2024
Al-Masry al-Youm, Headline 08 June 2024

What is the reason and background for this article? For the first time, the Secretary-General of the United Nations has placed the Israeli Defense Forces on the so-called “list of shame”. This annual list names armed groups and military forces that recruit children, harm them, commit sexual violence, or attack schools and hospitals. The list is part of a report on “Children and Armed Conflict,” which aims to hold violators accountable and protect the rights of children in war zones. Being on this list means violating international laws for the safety of children in conflict zones.

Let’s see how this renders in Arabic.

ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ยซู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฑยป

Israel on the ยซList of Shameยป

Let’s focus on the word ุงู„ุนุงุฑ. There are two roots which may produce the same output:

ุน-ูŠ-ุฑ โ‡” ุนุงุฑูŒ

The I-verb ุนุงุฑูŽ – ูŠูŽุนูŠุฑู means to stray, to wander; to come and go. The ุนูŽูŠู‘ูŽุฑูŽ – ูŠูุนูŽูŠู‘ูุฑู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ means to insult; to abuse. From this root, we get the noun ุนุงุฑูŒ (a regular noun with regular case endings) which is used in the above headline. ุนุงุฑูŒ means shame, disgrace. The plural of ุนุงุฑูŒ is ุฃูŽุนู’ูŠูŽุงุฑูŒ.

ุน-ุฑ-ูŠ โ‡” ุนุงุฑู

The I-verb ูŠูŽุนู’ุฑูŽู‰ – ุนูŽุฑููŠูŽ ุนูŽู†ู’ means to be naked; to be exposed; also: to be free/bare of. The noun ุนุงุฑู means naked, nude; also: void (ุฎุงู„ู). It is an active participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ูุงุนูู„ู). The plural forms are ุนุงุฑููˆู†ูŽ and ุนูุฑูŽุงุฉูŒ or feminine ุนุงุฑููŠุงุชูŒ and ุนูุฑูŽุงุฉูŒ. For example: flawless (ุนุงุฑู ู…ูู† ูƒูู„ู‘ู ุนูŽูŠู’ุจู). Remark: Notice the ending! ุนุงุฑู is a so-called noun with a reduced, incomplete ending (ุงูุณู’ู…ูŒ ู…ูŽู†ู’ู‚ููˆุตูŒ) – if you don’t know it, check out this article.


Vocabulary list

All words marked in color above are explained here.

ARABICEXPLANATION
ู‚ุงุฆูู…ุฉูŒ
pl.: ู‚ูŽูˆุงุฆูู…ู or ู‚ุงุฆูู…ุงุชูŒ
list; table. For example: waiting list (ู‚ุงุฆูู…ุฉู ุงู„ู’ุงูู†ู’ุชูุธุงุฑู); to put someone on the black list (ุณูŽุฌู‘ูŽู„ูŽ ุดูŽุฎู’ุตู‹ุง ูููŠ ุงู„ู’ู‚ุงุฆูู…ุฉู ุงู„ุณูŽู‘ูˆู’ุฏุงุกู). Note: The root of this word is ู‚-ูˆ-ู…. The I-verb ู‚ุงู…ูŽ – ูŠูŽู‚ููˆู…ู has dozens of meanings. One of the most basic is to stand up.
ุนุงุฑูŒ ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰shame, disgrace (for). Notice: The root is ุน-ูŠ-ุฑ.
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 06/24 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner

Translation of an article

Let’s look at parts of a longer newspaper article in Arabic. We will translate each sentence carefully. The highlighted words are in the vocabulary list below.

al-Arabi al-Jadeed: “Did Israel cut off Egypt’s gas supplies to politically blackmail it?”

On June 13, 2024, the following analysis was published in the Qatari-owned London-based newspaper al-Arabi al-Jadeed (ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ). It deals with the supply of natural gas from Israel to and whether and how Israel may have used this recently to put pressure on Egypt.

The issue of EXPORTING gas to Israel: Egypt under the regime of Hosni Mubarak (ุญุณู†ูŠ ู…ุจุงุฑูƒ) agreed to export natural gas to Israel in 2005, based on the 1979 peace accords. Egypt supplied Israel with 40% of its natural gas at lower than market prices, with corruption reducing state revenues. The Egyptian media (when the media was not heavily censored and in sync) accused Mubarak’s sons and corrupt businessmen of taking 2.5 to 5 percent of revenues. After Mubarak’s regime fell in 2011, at least 14 attacks on the pipeline transporting gas to Israel were counted. Egypt ended its gas export contract with Israel in April 2012.1

The issue of IMPORTING gas from Israel: Egypt’s population is growing rapidly and the country lacks sufficient natural resources such as oil and gas, which are essential for power generation. To meet its growing energy needs, Egypt now imports natural gas from Israel’s offshore Tamar gas field in the eastern Mediterranean, which was discovered in 2009. Egypt’s need for natural gas and its role in the Gaza war have put it in an increasingly difficult political situation. Egypt’s already limited gas supply was further reduced in June 2024 by the temporary closure of Israel’s Tamar gas field “for maintenance” as announced.2 Electricity shortages are becoming an increasing problem in Egypt as heat waves increase demand for cooling.

Article Al Arabi Al Jadeed, June 24, 2024
Article Al Arabi Al Jadeed, June 24, 2024

Let’s now take a closer look at a few complete paragraphs.


ู‡ู„ ู‚ุทุนุช ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุนู† ู…ุตุฑ ู„ุงุจุชุฒุงุฒู‡ุง ุณูŠุงุณูŠู‹ุงุŸ

Did Israel cut off Egypt’s gas supplies to politically blackmail it?

Section 1

ุฑุจุท ุฎุจุฑุงุก ูˆุณูŠุงุณูŠูˆู† ู…ุตุฑูŠูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุฑุงุฌุน ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ุถู…ุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุถุงุฉ ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ุฃู…ุงู… ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุจูŠู† ุฅู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ูŠ ุจุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุนู‚ุงุจูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู„ ุดุญู†ุงุช ุบุงุฒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู‚ุฑุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุตุฑ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุงูŠูˆ/ุฃูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ ู…ุง ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชูุงู‚ู… ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุถุงุนูุช ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู†ู‚ุทุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ. ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฑุจุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ุชุญุฏุซ ุฃูŠุฉ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุตุนูŠุฏ ุฏุนู… ุงู„ุฏุนูˆู‰ ููŠ ู„ุงู‡ุงูŠุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุชูู‡ู…ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ุจุงุฑุชูƒุงุจ ุฌุฑุงุฆู… ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒุฉ.

Egyptian experts and politicians have linked Egypt’s backing down on joining South Africa in suing Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to the Israeli side’s decision to take punitive measures by disrupting gas shipments that were due to reach Egypt at the end of May, leading to an escalation of the energy supply crisis that has exacerbated power outages. The main reason for establishing this link is that Egypt has not taken any practical steps to support the case in The Hague, in which Israel is accused of committing genocide in the Gaza Strip.

Section 2

ูุถู„ู‹ุง ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุตู„ุช ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒุฉ ู„ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุณูˆุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุจุฑุงุช ููŠ ู…ุตุฑ ุจุนุฏู… ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณุจู‚ ุฃู† ุฃุนู„ู†ุช ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ููŠ 12 ู…ุงูŠูˆ/ุฃูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ ุจุนุฒู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุถู…ุงู… ู„ุฏุนู… ุงู„ุฏุนูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ ู…ุน ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠ ู…ู†ุตุจ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆุณูŠุท ู„ู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ.

Additionally, instructions were sent to the media outlets owned by United Media Services, which is affiliated with Egypt’s intelligence apparatus, to not mention the supposed move that was previously announced by Cairo on May 12 regarding its intention to join the lawsuit filed by South Africa, while insisting that the Egyptian move is primarily focused on the humanitarian aspect and Cairo’s mediating role.

The best way to answer this question is to simply delete all the subordinate information and focus on the main parts. In the end there is only one word left: ุชูŽุญูŽุฑูู‘ูƒ

ูุถู„ู‹ุง ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุตู„ุช ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒุฉ ู„ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุณูˆุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุจุฑุงุช ููŠ ู…ุตุฑ ุจุนุฏู… ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณุจู‚ ุฃู† ุฃุนู„ู†ุช ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ููŠ 12 ู…ุงูŠูˆ/ุฃูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ ุจุนุฒู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุถู…ุงู… ู„ุฏุนู…

Since this infinitive noun is derived from a V-verb form that does not take a direct object (= intransitive), we need the preposition ุจ to add any kind of object.

Section 3

ูˆุฃุดุงุฑ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู…ุตุฑูŠ ููŠ ุญุฏูŠุซู ู„ู€”ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ” ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ูŠ “ุงุณุชู†ุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู†ุฏ ููŠ ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุนุฉ ุจูŠู† ู…ุตุฑ ูˆุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ุฎุงุต ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ู…ู† ุฏูˆู† ุดุฑูˆุท ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุบุฑุงู…ุงุชุŒ ุญุงู„ ุชุนุฐุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆุถุงุน ุงู„ุฃู…ู†ูŠุฉ”. ูˆูƒุดู ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุฃู† ู…ุง ุถุงุนู ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุจุงุทุค ุดุญู†ุงุช ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุจุชุฑูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู‚ุฑุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฐุงุชู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุตุฑ ุจุฃุณุนุงุฑ ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูˆุจู†ุธุงู… ุฏูุน ู…ูŠุณุฑ.

Speaking to Al-Araby al-Jadeed, an Egyptian source indicated that the Israeli side “based this measure on a clause in the gas contracts signed between Egypt and Israel, which allows for the possibility of stopping supplies without punitive conditions or fines, if the security situation becomes difficult.” According to the source, what deepened the impact of the Israeli measure was the slow progress of other fuel shipments that should have been delivered at the same time from Saudi Arabia, which Egypt was getting at preferential prices and concessional payment terms (~ installments?).

Section 4

ู†ุงุฆุจ ู…ุฏูŠุฑ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃู‡ุฑุงู… ุนู…ุฑูˆ ู‡ุงุดู… ุฑุจูŠุน ุฃุนุฑุจ ุนู† ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏู‡ุŒ ููŠ ุญุฏูŠุซู ู„ู€”ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ”ุŒ ุฃู† “ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุฎูุถ ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุตุฑ ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ุจุงู…ุชูŠุงุฒุŒ ุฅุฐ ุชุณุนู‰ ุชู„ ุฃุจูŠุจ ู…ู† ูˆุฑุงุก ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู„ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตุฑ ู„ุงู†ุชุฒุงุน ุชู†ุงุฒู„ุงุช ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุนู‚ุงุจู‹ุง ู„ู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฒู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฑูุถ ุงุญุชู„ุงู„ ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ู…ุนุจุฑ ุฑูุญ ูˆู…ู…ุฑ ููŠู„ุงุฏู„ููŠุง ูˆุฑูุถ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุนุจุฑ ุฑูุญุŒ ุจุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุฃู† ุชู„ ุฃุจูŠุจ ู„ูŠุณุช ุทุฑูู‹ุง ููŠ ุงุชูุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุจุฑุŒ ู…ุง ุดูƒู‘ู„ ุฅุญุฑุงุฌู‹ุง ุดุฏูŠุฏู‹ุง ู„ุชู„ ุฃุจูŠุจ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ”. ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู‡ุงุดู… ุฑุจูŠุน ุฅู† ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ “ู…ุณุชุงุกุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฅุฏุงู†ุฉ ู…ุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฒุฑ ุงู„ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุตููˆู ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุขุฎุฑู‡ุง ู…ุฌุงุฒุฑ ุงู„ู†ุตูŠุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆุฅุนู„ุงู† ู…ุตุฑ ุงู†ุถู…ุงู…ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุนูˆู‰ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุฃู…ุงู… ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ.

Speaking to Al-Araby al-Jadeed, Amr Hashem Rabeeh, deputy director of the Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, argued that “the crisis of reducing Israeli gas supplies to Egypt is political par excellence, as Tel Aviv is using that to pressure Egypt into making political concessions, and to punish Cairo for a series of Egyptian inclinations, including the rejection of Israel’s occupation of the Rafah crossing and the Philadelphia Axis and the refusal to deliver humanitarian aid to the Palestinian side through the Rafah crossing, seeing as how (considering that) Tel Aviv is not a party to the agreement to operate the crossing. And this has significantly embarrassed Tel Aviv in front of the international community”. Hashem Rabeeh said that Israel is very upset by Egypt’s condemnation of the Israeli massacres of Palestinian civilians, the most recent of which is the Nuseirat massacre, and Egypt’s announcement to join South Africa’s lawsuit at the International Court of Justice.

Section 5

ูˆูˆุถุน ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุชู„ ุฃุจูŠุจ ููŠ ุงุจุชุฒุงุฒ ู…ุตุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุณูŠุงู‚ “ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฎู„ู‚ ุฑุฃูŠ ุนุงู… ุดุนุจูŠ ุถุฏ ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ู…ุตุฑุŒ ูˆุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุนุงุฌุฒ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก”ุŒ… ู…ุดูŠุฑู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู…ุตุฑ “ุฃู…ุงู…ู‡ุง ุจุฏุงุฆู„ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุทุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุญุชูŠุงุฌุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุงุฒุŒ ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ ุชุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู‚ุทุฑ ุจุนู‚ูˆุฏ ูˆุดุฑูˆุท ุฌุฒุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุชุตุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…”.

So, he placed Tel Aviv’s extreme blackmailing of Egypt in the context of “an attempt to create popular anger toward the decision-makers in Egypt, and depict the Egyptian government as being unable to face the electricity crisis.” … “He pointed out that Egypt has “many options, including turning to Qatar and Algeria to obtain its gas needs, although Algeria seems to be the most suitable given that Qatar is bound by contracts and penal conditions to export gas to a large number of countries in the world”.

Section 6

ุฃู…ุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุจุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฒู‚ุงุฒูŠู‚ ุญุงูุธ ุณู„ู…ุงูˆูŠุŒ ูุฑุฃู‰ ุฃู† ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฎูุถ ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุตุฑ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ุงุนุชุจุงุฑุงุช ูู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุชุนูˆุฏ ู„ุชุทูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุชุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ุจู†ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ุนู‡ ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุงุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุจูŠุŒ ูˆู„ุชุนูˆูŠุถ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ูŠ.

On the other hand, Hafiz Salmawy, a professor of energy engineering at Zagazig University, believes that the resons for the reduction of the Israeli gas supplies to Egypt may have technical considerations, linked to the developments in the war in Gaza and the tensions on the Lebanese border, in a way that requires the shifting of the Israeli exports toward the war effort, and the compensation of the increasing demand for gas on the Israeli domestic stage.


Vocabulary list

All the words in the above article marked in color can be found in this table with explanations.

Section 1

ARABICEXPLANATION
ุงูุจู’ุชูุฒุงุฒูŒblackmail, blackmailing; also: extortion; robbery. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the ุงุจู’ุชูŽุฒู‘ูŽ – ูŠูŽุจู’ุชูŽุฒู‘ู which means to blackmail, also: to rob, to usurp. For example: to take money out of people’s pockets (ุงูุจู’ุชูŽุฒู‘ูŽ ุฃูŽู…ู’ูˆุงู„ูŽ ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุณู). Note: The root ุจ-ุฒ-ุฒ denotes to take away; to snatch. This explains the more general meaning of the VIII-verb, which is to usurp.
ุชูŽุฑุงุฌูุนูŒ ุนูŽู†ู’backing down on (ุนูŽู†ู’); decline, slowdown; regression (in economics). Also: withdrawal, retreat (ุชูŽู†ุงุฒูŽู„ูŽ). For example: economic regression (ุชูŽุฑุงุฌูุนูŒ ุงูู‚ู’ุชูุตุงุฏููŠู‘ูŒ). It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the VI-verb ุชูŽุฑุงุฌูŽุนูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽุฑุงุฌูŽุนู which means to withdraw, to go back; to collapse; to revoke; to decline.
ุงูู†ู’ุถูู…ุงู…ูŒ ุฅูู„ูŽู‰joining, entering. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the VII-verb ุงู†ู’ุถูŽู…ู‘ูŽ – ูŠูŽู†ู’ุถูŽู…ู‘ู which means to join. You often hear this in live interviews when the host begins by saying, “joining us now from xxx is…” (ูŠูŽู†ู’ุถูŽู…ู‘ู ุฅูู„ูŽูŠู’ู†ุง ู…ูู†ู’).
ู…ูู‚ุงุถุงุฉูŒsuing; also: prosecution; trial. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the III-verb ู‚ุงุถูŽู‰ – ูŠูู‚ุงุถููŠ which means to summon before a judge, to bring before a court of justice.
ู…ูŽุญู’ูƒูŽู…ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ุนูŽุฏู’ู„ู ุงู„ุฏูŽู‘ูˆู’ู„ููŠู‘ูŽุฉูthe International Court of Justice
ุฌุงู†ูุจูŒ
pl.: ุฌูŽูˆุงู†ูุจู
side; part. For example: on the other hand (ูˆูŽู…ูู†ู’ ุฌุงู†ูุจู ุขุฎูŽุฑูŽ); humanitarian aspects (ุฌูŽูˆุงู†ูุจู ุฅูู†ู’ุณุงู†ููŠู‘ูŽุฉูŒ)
ุฅู‚ู’ุฏุงู…ูŒaudacity, boldness, daring; courageous approach to (ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰). It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูŽู‚ู’ุฏูŽู…ูŽ – ูŠูู‚ู’ุฏูู…ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ which means to risk/dare; to undertake (courageously); to venture upon. For example: to take a risk (ุฃูŽู‚ู’ุฏูู…ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ู…ูุฌุงุฒูŽููŽุฉู)
ุนูู‚ุงุจููŠู‘ูŒpenal, punitive. It is the nisba adjective (ู†ูุณู’ุจุฉ) of the noun ุนูู‚ุงุจูŒ which means punishment, sanction.
ุชูŽุนู’ุทููŠู„ูŒstopping; suspension. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the II-verb ุนูŽุทู‘ูŽู„ูŽ – ูŠูุนูŽุทู‘ูู„ู which means to put out of action, to suspend; but also: to break or destroy.
ุดูุญู’ู†ูŽุฉูŒ
pl.: ุดูุญูŽู†ูŒ or ุดูุญู’ู†ุงุชูŒ
freight, cargo; in electricity: charge. For example: battery charge (ุดูŽุญู’ู†ุฉู ุจูŽุทู‘ุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉู). Note: You may also hear that people use a different first vowel, e.g., ุดูŽุญู’ู†ุฉ or even ุดูุญู’ู†ุฉ.
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 06/24 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ARABICEXPLANATION
ู…ูู‚ูŽุฑู‘ูŽุฑูŒdecided; intended; set. It is the passive participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽูู’ุนููˆู„ู) of the II-verb ู‚ูŽุฑู‘ูŽุฑูŽ – ูŠูู‚ูŽุฑู‘ูุฑู which means to decide; to determine. For example: It was decided/intended that… (ูƒุงู†ูŽ ู…ูู†ู’ ุงู„ู’ู…ูู‚ูŽุฑู‘ูŽุฑู ุฃูŽู†ู’)
ุฃูŽุฏู‘ูŽู‰ – ูŠูุคูŽุฏู‘ููŠ ุฅูู„ูŽู‰to lead to. It is a II-verb; the root is: ุฃ-ุฏ-ูŠ
ุชูŽูุงู‚ูู…ูŒdeterioration, worsening. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the VI-verb ุชูŽูุงู‚ูŽู…ูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽูุงู‚ูŽู…ู which means to escalate; to deteriorate. For example: escalation of the crisis (ุชูŽูุงู‚ูู…ู ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุฒู’ู…ุฉู); worsening of the situation (ุชูŽูุงู‚ูู… ุงู„ุฃูŽูˆู’ุถุงุนู). With the verb: the crisis is escalating (ูŠูŽุชูŽูุงู‚ูŽู…ู ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุฒู’ู…ุฉู)
ุฅูู…ู’ุฏุงุฏูŒ ุจูsupply; delivery. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูŽู…ูŽุฏู‘ูŽ – ูŠูู…ูุฏู‘ู ุจู which means to provide; to supply with. For example: to provide the journalist with information (ุฃูŽู…ูุฏู‘ู ุงู„ุตูู‘ุญููููŠู‘ูŽ ุจูุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุนู’ู„ููˆู…ุงุชู)
ุถุงุนูŽููŽ – ูŠูุถุงุนูููto increase; to raise; to double (also in the sense of: to multiply if a number follows). It is a III-verb. For example: to triple (ุถุงุนูŽููŽ ุซูŽู„ุงุซูŽ ู…ูŽุฑู‘ุงุชู). The verb can also express an increase in a general sense. For example: to be extra careful (ุถุงุนูŽููŽ ุงู„ู’ุญููŠุทุฉูŽ)
ุชูŽูŠู‘ุงุฑูŒstream, current, flow. When talking about the ocean: tide. When talking about politics or society, it means movement or trend. For example: a political movement (ุชูŽูŠู‘ุงุฑูŒ ุณููŠุงุณููŠู‘ูŒ)
ูƒูŽู‡ู’ุฑูŽุจุงุฆููŠู‘ูŒelectric(al). For example: electric current (ุชูŽูŠู‘ุงุฑูŒ ูƒูŽู‡ู’ุฑูŽุจุงุฆููŠู‘ูŒ); mains current (ุชูŽูŠู‘ุงุฑ ุงู„ุดูŽุจูŽูƒุฉู ุงู„ูƒูŽู‡ู’ุฑูŽุจุงุฆูŠู‘ุฉู). Remark: voltage ( ~ tension) is often translated as ุฌูู‡ู’ุฏูŒ or ุชูŽูˆูŽุชู‘ูุฑูŒ ูƒูŽู‡ู’ุฑูŽุจุงุฆููŠู‘ูŒ.
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 06/24 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ARABICEXPLANATION
ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ุตูŽู‘ุนูŠุฏูon/at the level. For example: at the international level (ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ุตูŽู‘ุนูŠุฏู ุงู„ุฏูู‘ูˆูŽู„ููŠู‘ู). Very common is the expression on the other hand (ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุตูŽุนููŠุฏู ุขุฎูŽุฑูŽ). The noun ุตูŽุนููŠุฏ has many meanings. In general, it denotes level, area, domain, field. Talking about countries or landscapes, it means highlands, plateau, as in Upper Egypt (ุตูŽุนููŠุฏู ู…ูุตู’ุฑูŽ or simply ุงู„ุตูŽู‘ุนููŠุฏู).
ุฏูŽุนู’ูˆูŽู‰
pl.: ุฏูŽุนุงูˆู or ุฏูŽุนุงูˆูŽู‰
lawsuit; court case. Don’t confuse it with ุฏูŽุนู’ูˆุฉูŒ (of the same root) which means invitation, call or in religion: supplication/prayer (ุฏูุนุงุก).
ู„ุงู‡ุงูŠThe Hague. Note: ู„ุงู‡ุงูŠ is feminine.
ุงูุฑู’ุชููƒุงุจูŒCommitting (a crime); perpetrating. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the VIII-verb ุงุฑู’ุชูŽูƒูŽุจูŽ – ูŠูŽุฑู’ุชูŽูƒูุจู which means to commit, perpetrate. For example: to commit a crime (ุงูุฑู’ุชูŽูƒูŽุจูŽ ุฌูŽุฑููŠู…ุฉู‹)
ุฅูุจุงุฏุฉูŒ ุฌูŽู…ุงุนููŠู‘ุฉูŒgenocide. The noun ุฅูุจุงุฏุฉูŒ means annihilation, extermination and is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูŽุจุงุฏูŽ – ูŠูุจูŠุฏู which means to exterminate; to massacre.
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 06/24 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner

Section 2

ARABICEXPLANATION
ููŽุถู’ู„ู‹ุง ุนูŽู†ู’ ุฐูฐู„ููƒูŽmoreover, besides, additionally. Note: ููŽุถู’ู„ู‹ุง ุนู† just means aside from.
ุชูŽูˆู’ุฌููŠู‡ูŒ – ุชูŽูˆู’ุฌููŠู‡ุงุชูŒinstructions; directives; also: advice; forwarding. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the II-verb ูˆูŽุฌู‘ูŽู‡ูŽ – ูŠููˆูŽุฌู‘ูู‡ู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ which means to direct; to steer; also: to send.
ูˆูŽุณุงุฆูู„ู ุงู„ุฅูุนู’ู„ุงู…ูmedia; mass media
ู…ูŽู…ู’ู„ููˆูƒูŒ ู„ูowned by (= ู„ู). For example: state-owned industries (ุตูู†ุงุนุงุชูŒ ู…ูŽู…ู’ู„ููˆูƒูŽุฉูŒ ู„ูู„ุฏูŽู‘ูˆู’ู„ูŽุฉู)
ุฌูู‡ุงุฒูŒ
pl.: ุฃูŽุฌู’ู‡ูุฒุฉูŒ
device; apparatus
ุฌูู‡ุงุฒู ู…ูุฎุงุจูŽุฑุงุชูsecret service. Often just with the definite article: ุงู„ู’ู…ูุฎุงุจูŽุฑุงุชู. For example: CIA – Central Intelligence Agency (ูˆูŽูƒุงู„ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ุงูุณู’ุชูุฎู’ุจุงุฑุงุชู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุฑู’ูƒูŽุฒููŠู‘ูŽุฉู); often also just ุณูŠ ุขูŠ ุงูŠู‡.
ุนูŽุฏูŽู…ูŒnon-, un-, in-. Usually, it is put before a noun to express its nonexistence. For example: lack of interest (ุนูŽุฏูŽู…ู ุงู„ู’ุงูู‡ู’ุชูู…ุงู…ู).
ู…ููู’ุชูŽุฑูŽุถูŒpresumed; supposed; alleged. It is the passive participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽูู’ุนููˆู„ู) of the VIII-verb ุงูู’ุชูŽุฑูŽุถูŽ – ูŠูŽูู’ุชูŽุฑูุถู which means to assume. For example: it can be assumed that (ู…ูู†ู’ ุงู„ู’ู…ููู’ุชูŽุฑูŽุถู ุฃูŽู†ู’).
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 06/24 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ARABICEXPLANATION
ุชูŽุญูŽุฑู‘ููƒูŒinitiative; move; action. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the V-verb ุชูŽุญูŽุฑู‘ูŽูƒูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽุญูŽุฑู‘ูŽูƒู which means to move; to get moving.
ุฃูŽุนู’ู„ูŽู†ูŽ – ูŠูุนู’ู„ูู†ู ุนูŽู†ู’to make public; to announce. It is a IV-verb.
ุนูŽุฒู’ู…ูŒintention; decision. For example: to announce one’s decision (ุฃูŽุนู’ู„ูŽู†ูŽ ุนูŽุฒู’ู…ูŽู‡ู)
ู…ูู‚ูŽุฏู‘ูŽู…ูŒsubmitted; presented. As an adverb, ู…ูู‚ูŽุฏู‘ูŽู…ู‹ุง, it means in advance; previously, beforehand.
ุชูŽุนู’ู„ููŠู…ุงุชูŒinstructions. Similar meaning as the word ุชูŽูˆู’ุฌููŠู‡ูŒ. For example: clear instructions (ุชูŽุนู’ู„ููŠู…ุงุชูŒ ูˆุงุถูุญูŽุฉูŒ)
ู…ูู†ู’ุตูŽุจู‘ูŒ ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰directed, targeted at. It is the passive participle of the VII-verb ุงู†ู’ุตูŽุจู‘ูŽ – ูŠูŽู†ู’ุตูŽุจู‘ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ which means to be aimed at, to be focused (also: to be poured out). Watch out: Do not mispronounce the word as ู…ูŽู†ู’ุตูุจูŒ means position, job, function or tripod, stand.
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 06/24 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner

Section 3

ARABICEXPLANATION
ุงุณู’ุชูŽู†ูŽุฏูŽ – ูŠูŽุณู’ุชูŽู†ูุฏู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰to support; to lean; to be based on. VIII-verb. For example: to be based on facts (ุงูุณู’ุชูŽู†ูŽุฏูŽ ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ูˆูŽู‚ุงุฆูุนูŽ)
ุจูŽู†ู’ุฏูŒ
pl.: ุจูู†ููˆุฏูŒ
paragraph; item; section
ุฌูŽุฒุงุฆููŠู‘ูŒpenal; also: criminal (adjective)
ุบูŽุฑุงู…ุฉูŒfine; penalty
ุญุงู„ูŽas soon as; whenever – used as an adverb.
ุชูŽุนูŽุฐู‘ูุฑูŒimpossibility. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the V-verb ุชูŽุนูŽุฐู‘ูŽุฑูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽุนูŽุฐู‘ูŽุฑู which means to be impossible. It is often used to convey the idea of not meeting conditions, more than the literal sense. For example: in case something is not able to be provided (ูููŠ ุญุงู„ู ุชูŽุนูŽุฐู‘ูŽุฑู ุชูŽูˆู’ูููŠุฑู ุดูŽูŠู’ุกู).
ุชูŽุจุงุทูุคูŒdelay; slowdown. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the VI-verb ุชูŽุจุงุทูŽุฃูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽุจุงุทูŽุฃู which means to linger; to be slow. Notice that the third root letter is ุก. For example: economic slowdown (ุชูŽุจุงุทูุคูŒ ุงูู‚ู’ุชูุตุงุฏููŠู‘ูŒ)
ุชูŽู…ู’ูŠููŠุฒููŠู‘ูŒdiscriminatory
ู…ููŠูŽุณู‘ูŽุฑูŒfacilitated; simplified; concessional. For example: concessional terms (ุดูุฑููˆุทูŒ ู…ููŠูŽุณู‘ูŽุฑูŽุฉูŒ); soft loan (ู‚ูŽุฑู’ุถูŒ ู…ููŠูŽุณู‘ูŽุฑูŒ).
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 06/24 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner

Section 4

ARABICEXPLANATION
ุฃูŽุนู’ุฑูŽุจูŽ – ูŠูุนู’ุฑูุจู ุนูŽู†ู’to express; to put into words. It is a IV-verb.
ุงูุนู’ุชูู‚ุงุฏูŒview, opinion, belief. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the VIII-verb ุงุนู’ุชูŽู‚ูŽุฏูŽ – ูŠูŽุนู’ุชูŽู‚ูุฏู which means to believe; to think and is followed by ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ – “to think that…”
ุจูุงูู…ู’ุชููŠุงุฒูpar excellence; with high distinction
ุงูู†ู’ุชูุฒุงุนูŒextracting; removal; withdrawal; also: grabbing; gaining. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the VIII-verb ุงู†ู’ุชูŽุฒูŽุนูŽ – ูŠูŽู†ู’ุชูŽุฒูุนู which means to pull out; to snatch; to gain
ุชูŽู†ุงุฒูู„ูŒconcession. For example: to make concessions (ู‚ูŽุฏู‘ูู…ู’ ุชูŽู†ุงุฒูู„ุงุชู). It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the VI-verb ุชูŽู†ุงุฒูŽู„ูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽู†ุงุฒูŽู„ู which means to resign; to give up.
ุญูุฒู’ู…ูŽุฉูŒ
pl.: ุญูุฒู’ู…ุงุชู or ุญูุฒูŽู…ูŒ
bunch; bundle
ุชูŽูˆูŽุฌู‘ูู‡ูŒ
pl.: ุชูŽูˆูŽุฌู‘ูู‡ุงุชูŒ
inclination; tendency. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the V-verb ุชูŽูˆูŽุฌู‘ูŽู‡ูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽูˆูŽุฌู‘ูŽู‡ู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ which means to head; to turn. The first root letter is ูˆ.
ุจูุงุนู’ุชูุจุงุฑู ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽwith regard to the fact that; considering that… Also: ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุงูุนู’ุชูุจุงุฑู ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ
ุฅุญู’ุฑุงุฌูŒembarrassment. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูŽุญู’ุฑูŽุฌูŽ – ูŠูุญู’ุฑูุฌู which means to embarrass someone. Watch out: ุฅุฎู’ุฑุงุฌูŒ with ุฎ means taking out; production.
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 06/24 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ARABICEXPLANATION
ู…ูุณู’ุชุงุกูŒ ู…ูู†ู’annoyed; offended by something. It is the active (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ูุงุนูู„ู) OR passive participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽูู’ุนููˆู„ู) of the VIII-verb ุงุณู’ุชุงุกูŽ – ูŠูŽุณู’ุชุงุกู which means to be offended, to be annoyed. The root is ุณ-ูˆ-ุก.
ุฅููุฏุงู†ุฉูŒcondemnation. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูŽุฏุงู†ูŽ – ูŠูุฏูŠู†ู which means to condemn; to convict. When used in the sense of convict, you add the person as a direct object and the reason for the conviction with the preposition ุจู.
ู…ูŽุฌู’ุฒูŽุฑุฉูŒ
pl.: ู…ูŽุฌุงุฒูุฑู
massacre; bloodbath. It can also denote slaughterhouse or butcher.
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 06/24 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner

Section 5

ARABICEXPLANATION
ู…ูŽุฏู‹ู‰scope; range; extent. For example: long-range (ุทูŽูˆููŠู„ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุฏูŽู‰); as far as the eye can see (ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ู…ูŽุฏูŽู‰ ุงู„ุจูŽุตูŽุฑู). It is also part of the name of an independent Egyptian online newspaper: Mada Masr (ู…ุฏู‰ ู…ุตุฑ).
ุฅุธู’ู‡ุงุฑูŒdisplay. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the IV-verb ุฃูŽุธู’ู‡ูŽุฑูŽ – ูŠูุธู’ู‡ูุฑู which means to show; to display; to demonstrate.
ุนุงุฌูุฒูŒincapable; unable; also: disabled.
ุจูŽุฏููŠู„ูŒ
pl.: ุจูŽุฏุงุฆูู„ู
alternative; option; substitute. For example: there is no other option (ู„ุง ุจูŽุฏููŠู„ูŽ ุนูŽู†ู’ ู‡ูฐุฐุง)
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 06/24 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner

Section 6

ARABICEXPLANATION
ุงูุนู’ุชูุจุงุฑูŒ
pl.: ุงูุนู’ุชูุจุงุฑุงุชูŒ
consideration; reason. For example: for security reasons (ุจูุณูŽุจูŽุจู ุงุนู’ุชูุจุงุฑุงุชู ุฃูŽู…ู’ู†ูŠู‘ุฉู). Watch out: the phrase ุงูุนู’ุชูุจุงุฑู‹ุง ู…ูู†ู’ means starting from, as of…
ููŽู†ู‘ููŠู‘ูŒtechnical; also artistic – when used as an adjective. Otherwise, it means technician.
ูƒูŽู…ู‘ูŠู‘ุฉูŒquantity; amount; bunch. For example: a large amount (ูƒูŽู…ู‘ููŠู‘ุฉูŒ ูƒูŽุจููŠุฑุฉูŒ)
ุตุงุฏูุฑูŒ
pl.: ุตุงุฏูุฑุงุชูŒ
exporting; export product. Usually only used in the plural when it denotes exports or export in general. For example: export volume (ุญูŽุฌู’ู…ู ุงู„ุตุงุฏูุฑุงุชู). If you also talk about imports, it is best to use the word ูˆุงุฑูุฏุงุชูŒ if you talk about items. If you focus on the process, you’d better use ุงูุณู’ุชููŠุฑุงุฏูŒ.
ู…ูŽุฌู’ู‡ููˆุฏูŒeffort. For example: to make an effort (ุจูŽุฐูŽู„ูŽ ู…ูŽุฌู’ู‡ููˆุฏู‹ุง). It is the passive participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽูู’ุนููˆู„ู) of the I-verb ุฌูŽู‡ูŽุฏูŽ – ูŠูŽุฌู’ู‡ูŽุฏู which means to strive.
ุชูŽุนู’ูˆููŠุถูŒcompensation; reimbursement. It is the ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑ of the II-verb ุนูŽูˆู‘ูŽุถูŽ – ูŠูุนูŽูˆู‘ูุถู which means to compensate. For example: a once-in-a-lifetime chance (ููุฑู’ุตูŽุฉูŒ ู„ุง ุชูุนูŽูˆู‘ูุถู)
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 06/24 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner

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NOTICE: If there are any errors or mistakes in this article, please let me know or use the comment section below. I am not a native English speaker, and inaccuracies can quickly creep in with more complicated texts. We are all here to learn.

DISCLAIMER: Just so you know, my focus is purely on the language, and my selection of texts does not express any political views. The Arab world is currently full of sad conflicts. If a text excerpt hits someone personally or makes them angry, please remember that as a journalist, I listen to all sides without judgment, and I do not want to spread any political views or engage in discussions on Arabic for Nerds. All I care about here is the wonderful language of Arabic, and that we can all use it to understand each other better.

  1. Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-17808954 โ†ฉ๏ธŽ
  2. Source: MadaMasr – https://yalla.li/stv0n โ†ฉ๏ธŽ
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eudaimonia
eudaimonia
10 months ago

I wanted just to thank you for your effort! The articles serve as a motivation for me and my Arabic journey, and you, sir, as an inspiration!

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