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Media Arabic Booster 04/25

This month (04/25) in the Media Arabic Booster: Donald Trump and his trade war, and a Palestinian writer on Egypt and Gaza.

Published: April 30, 2025

As a journalist, I read Arabic newspapers every day, especially the opinion section.

Every month, I want to share with you on Arabic for Nerds what I find interesting from a linguistic perspective and which vocabulary might be worth learning. I call it the Media Arabic Booster.


A close look at a headline

Headlines in Arabic media are generally easy to understand – but there are also some tricky words.

al-Masry al-Youm: US president Trump and Tariffs

On April 2, 2025, US president Donald Trump announced sweeping tariffs during a ceremony at the White House Rose Garden, dubbing the day “Liberation Day”.

He imposed a universal 10% tariff on imports effective April 5, with additional country-specific rates starting April 9. Arab countries faced varying impacts, with Jordan hit hardest at 20%, while others like Saudi Arabia and Egypt saw a 10% tariff, raising concerns over billions in affected exports. Since then, share prices have been on a rollercoaster ride.

The Egyptian daily newspaper al-Masry al-Youm (ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…) ran a front-page story on Trump and his tariffs in its April 4, 2025, edition.

A newspaper front page featuring the title 'ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…' with various articles. The main headline reads "ุฅูŠุชุงูˆุฉ ุชุฑุงู…ุจ". There's an image of a cartoon character, dressed in a suit and top hat, holding a cigar and pointing upwards on a red arrow, symbolizing investment or economic growth. The page includes articles about Palestinian issues and opinions on the Arab world, alongside a photo of a person giving a speech.
Headline al-Masry al-Youm, April 4, 2025

Let’s focus on the headline:

ยซุฅุชุงูˆุฉ ุชุฑุงู…ุจยป

“Trump’s Levy” or “Trump’s Tribute” or “Trump’s Fee”

ูˆุฒูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ู„ู€ยซุงู„ู…ุตุฑู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ยป: ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ.. ุงู„ุบุฑู ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ: ู‚ุฏ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุณ.. ูˆยซุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑูŠู†ยป: ุณูŠูƒู„ู ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู†

Minister of Investment to al-Masry al-Youm: We are studying the impactโ€ฆ Arab Chambers: The Suez Canal may be affectedโ€ฆ And ‘the Exporters’: It will cost the Americans

In fact, almost every Arab newspaper featured Donald Trump’ announcement on the front page:

  • Al Youm Al Sabea (ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุจุน): Trump’s tariffs ignite a global trade war (ุฑุณูˆู… ุชุฑุงู…ุจ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฑูƒูŠุฉ ุชุดุนู„ ุญุฑุจุง ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู†ูŠุฉ)
  • al-Jarida (ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุฏุฉ): Trump’s tariffs shock the global economy (ุฑุณูˆู… ุชุฑุงู…ุจ ุชุตุฏู… ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ)
  • Al Shorouk (ุงู„ุดุฑูˆู‚): The world is on the brink of a full-scale trade war (ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงูุฉ ุญุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ุดุงู…ู„ุฉ)
  • Asharq al-Awsat (ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท): Tariff quake pushes global economy into a dangerous path/difficult situation (ุฒู„ุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู…ยป ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ููŠ ู†ูู‚)

“Tariff” in Arabic: official and common terms

If you would like to know more about how to say customs in Arabic and what the special word ุฅูุชูŽุงูˆูŽุฉูŒ means, you will find it here.

Let us first clarify two similar English terms:

  • Tariff (ุชูŽุนู’ุฑููŠูุฉูŒ): A tax or duty imposed on imported or exported goods to regulate trade, protect industries, or generate revenue.
  • Customs (ูŒุฌูู…ู’ุฑููƒ pl: ุฌูŽู…ุงุฑููƒู): Government authorities overseeing border control, enforcing trade laws, and levying duties on imports and exports.

In Arabic, too, there are several ways of expressing the idea and concept of tariffs in an economic sense. Let us start with the word ุฅุชุงูˆุฉ used in the headline of al-Masry al-Youm.

  • The Arabic noun ุฅูุชูŽุงูˆูŽุฉูŒ, plural ุฃูŽุชูŽุงูˆูŽู‰, is an old word and already listed in .
  • ุฅูุชูŽุงูˆูŽุฉูŒ refers to a payment, such as a tax, levy, tribute, or charge. However, the word carries a strong negative connotation and should be used with care.
  • It typically implies that the payment is considered unfair, arbitrary, exploitative, illegitimate, or taken by force against the payer’s will. It can also specifically mean a bribe.
  • Due to this inherent criticism, ุฅูุชูŽุงูˆูŽุฉูŒ is most often employed in political or critical contexts to express strong disapproval. Using the term frames the charge not as a standard fee but as an unjust imposition.
  • For example, the newspaper headline ุฅุชุงูˆุฉ ุชุฑุงู…ุจ (Trump’s Levy/Tribute) uses the word precisely this way. It characterizes a policy (such as tariffs or required payments) not as legitimate government action, but as an arbitrary and potentially unfair demand by a powerful entity.
  • Historically, ุฅุชุงูˆุฉ can refer to actual tributes paid between rulers, states, or occupying powers. It is also used when discussing old forms of land tenancy, where a share ุฅุชุงูˆุฉ was given to the owner, though more specific terms might exist.

For more neutral and official terms related to tariffs, consider the following:

  • ุถูŽุฑููŠุจูŽุฉู ุงูุณู’ุชููŠุฑุงุฏู (import tax): Specifically refers to taxes on imports. This term is clear and widely understood in economic and trade contexts. Use it when specifying that the tax applies only to imported goods.
  • ุชูŽุนู’ุฑููŠููŽุฉูŒ ุฌูู…ู’ุฑููƒููŠู‘ูŽุฉูŒ (customs tariff/schedule): The official tariff schedule/system. Use this term when referring specifically to the structured list of rates imposed on goods crossing international borders (imports or exports). It is the most precise and formal term in legal, governmental, economic, and trade contexts.
  • ุฑูุณููˆู…ูŒ ุฌูู…ู’ุฑููƒููŠู‘ูŽุฉูŒ (customs duties/fees): The most commonly used term for actual customs duties or fees paid. This term is widely used in everyday language, news, and business when discussing the charges incurred due to customs regulations. While technically distinct from ุชุนุฑูŠูุฉ ุฌู…ุฑูƒูŠุฉ, it is often used interchangeably to mean tariffs or customs charges.
  • ุถูŽุฑููŠุจูŽุฉูŒ ุฌูู…ู’ุฑููƒููŠู‘ูŽุฉูŒ (customs tax): Similar to ุฑุณูˆู… ุฌู…ุฑูƒูŠุฉ, but emphasizing the tax aspect. It refers to the tax levied by customs authorities and is commonly understood in trade discussions.

If you want to dive deeper into the topic, take a look at this article.


Translation of an article

Let’s look at parts of a longer newspaper article in Arabic. We will translate each sentence carefully. The highlighted words are in the vocabulary list below.

al-Quds al-Arabi: Egypt and the regime’s “No to displacement” campaign

On 10 April 2025, the Qatari-owned and London-based daily newspaper al-Quds al-Arabi ( ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ) published an opinion piece by Suhail Kiwan (ุณู‡ูŠู„ ูƒูŠูˆุงู†), a prominent Palestinian writer.

This text criticizes the Egyptian regime’s response to the situation in Gaza (ุบุฒุฉ), arguing that state-organized “No to Displacement” protests (ู„ุง ู„ูู„ุชูŽู‘ู‡ู’ุฌููŠุฑู) are primarily a tool to manage domestic anger and distract from the ongoing “genocidal war” (ุญูŽุฑู’ุจู ุงู„ู’ุฅูุจุงุฏุฉู).

The author contends that this slogan(ู„ุง ู„ูู„ุชูŽู‘ู‡ู’ุฌููŠุฑู) is meaningless under siege and bombardment. He accuses the Egyptian regime of hypocrisy, hindering aid, suppressing genuine solidarity, and diverting focus from the urgent need to stop the violence.

Suheil Kiwan (ุณู‡ูŠู„ ูƒูŠูˆุงู†) is a Palestinian writer, novelist, and journalist.

  • Born in 1956 in Majd al-Krum (ู…ุฌุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…) in al-Jalil al-Gharbi – Western Galilee – (ุงู„ุฌูŽู„ููŠู„ู ุงู„ุบูŽุฑู’ุจููŠู‘ู), he is a Palestinian citizen of Israel whose life experiences deeply inform his work. The region Western Galilee is located in the northern part of historical Palestine and includes towns and villages such as Acre (ุนูƒุง), Majd al-Krum (ู…ุฌุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…), and Tarshiha (ุชุฑุดูŠุญุง).
  • His output spans multiple genres, including novels, short stories, plays, insightful articles, and children’s literature, offering a multifaceted perspective on the Palestinian narrative.
  • Kiwan’s writing frequently explores themes of Palestinian identity, resilience, displacement, and the complexities of daily life within Israel, often employing sharp social commentary and satire to convey his insights.
  • He is a regular contributor to leading Arab newspapers and platforms such as Al-Quds Al-Arabi (ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ), Al-Ittihad (ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ), Al-Jadid (ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ), and Arab 48 (ุนุฑุจ 48).

Good to know: The term “Arab 48” (ุนุฑุจ ูคูจ) refers to Palestinian Arabs whose families were rooted in the region before or during the Nakba (ุงู„ู†ูƒุจุฉ) – the 1948 catastrophe marked by widespread displacement and dispossession during the creation of Israel.

On the news website Arab48.com, this label specifically designates those Palestinian Arabs who remained in the territory that became Israel, emphasizing their deep indigenous connection to the land and directly challenging narratives that ignore their continuous presence.

Note: The Arabic article is quite long. We will skip the first few paragraphs where the author discusses the Egyptian regime’s state-organized “No to displacement” protests – used to present Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ุณูŠุณูŠ) as a “leader” and “hero” – in contrast to the regime’s history of banning and arresting genuine pro-Gaza protests.


ู…ุตุฑ ู„ู† ุชุญุงุฑุจ ู„ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุญุฏ!

Egypt will not fight for anyone!


Let’s now take a closer look at a few complete paragraphs.

Section 1

ุณุงุฏุช ุดุนุงุฑุงุช ยซู„ุง ู„ู„ุชู‘ู‡ุฌูŠุฑยปุŒ ูˆยซู…ู† ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ูŠู…ุณู‘ูŽ ุชุฑุงุจ ู…ุตุฑ ุณูˆู ู†ุฏูˆุณู‡ยป ูˆยปู„ู† ู†ูุฑู‘ุท ุจุญุจู‘ุฉู ู…ู† ุฑู…ุงู„ ุณูŠู†ุงุกยปุŒ ูˆูˆุตู„ ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฒู„ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุนุจุฑ ุฑูุญุŒ ูˆู‡ุชููˆุง ู„ุง ู„ู„ุชู‡ุฌูŠุฑุŒ ูˆูƒู„ู‘ู†ุง ูˆุฑุงุก ุณูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ุณูŠุณูŠ.

Slogans such as “No to Displacement,” “Whoever tries to touch Egypt’s soil, we will crush him”, and “We will not relinquish a single grain of Sinai’s sand” prevailed. Thousands of Egyptians reached the separation barrier in the Rafah crossing area and chanted “No to displacement” and “We are all behind His Excellency President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi.”

ู†ุฌุญุช ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงุช ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุง ููŠ ุชู†ููŠุณ ู…ุณุงุญุงุช ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุญุชู‚ุงู† ูˆุงู„ุบุถุจ ุงู„ุดู‘ุนุจูŠุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู† ุนู† ุฅุตุฑุงุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูุถ ุงู„ุชู‡ุฌูŠุฑุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฐุงุชู‡ ู†ุฌุญุช ููŠ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุซูŠ ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒู‘ุฉ ู…ู† ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฌุฑุงุฆู… ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดุนุงุฑ ยซู„ุง ู„ู„ุชู‡ุฌูŠุฑยป ูˆยปู„ุง ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุชุฑุงุจ ุณูŠู†ุงุกยป.

The Egyptian authorities succeeded, to some extent, in defusing widespread popular tension and anger by announcing their insistence on rejecting displacement. At the same time, however, they also succeeded in shifting the focus away from the catastrophic situation in the Gaza Strip – the war of genocide and war crimes – towards the slogans “No to Displacement” and “Not an iota [a grain] of Sinai’s soil.”


Egypt’s regional role in 2025

Egypt has been plagued by severe economic crises and poverty for years. The Gaza war has fueled a surge of sentiment in the country, but it is being suppressed by the regime’s brutal methods.

However, Egypt must not alienate Western countries, as Egypt desperately needs foreign funding.

  1. Macron’s visit to Egypt: France and Egypt affirmed their agreement on a framework for resolving the Gaza conflict based on international law, rejecting Palestinian displacement, and opposing annexation. France also expressed continued support for Egypt in talks with the IMF and European Commission.
  2. Trump-Sisi phone call: The Saudi-owned Asharq al-Awsat reported on April 2 (full article) about a phone call between US President Trump and Egyptian President Sisi, occurring amidst differing views on the Gaza war. Experts viewed the call as a US effort to ease tensions. The discussion covered Gaza, bilateral relations, and Red Sea security, but revealed divergent priorities: the US focused on military action against the Houthis, while Egypt emphasized stopping the Gaza war as key to regional de-escalation.
    The brevity of official statements suggested no clear agreement was reached on Gaza’s cessation of hostilities or reconstruction, although Egypt reaffirmed its stance against displacement and for a two-state solution.
  3. Accreditation of ambassadors between Egypt, Israel deferred: The Qatari-owned Al-Araby al-Jadeed reported on March 26 (full article) that Egypt deferred the accreditation of the new Israeli ambassador, Ori Rothman, during a ceremony for other envoys; similarly, the appointment of a new Egyptian ambassador to Tel Aviv remained pending.

    Diplomatic sources linked this to the ongoing Gaza war, Israeli violations of a brokered ceasefire, and insistence on displacement plans. The sources stressed this was a “sovereign stance with political and symbolic implications” reflecting Egypt’s “deep disgruntlement” with perceived Israeli “procrastination” and lack of cooperation in negotiations, rather than a formal downgrade of relations.
  4. Egyptian frustration with MBC: An article in the London-based Al-Arab daily on March 24 (full article) interpreted recent Egyptian criticism (including from President Sisi) of media and drama content, seemingly directed at the Saudi-owned MBC Egypt channel, as a manifestation of “hushed political anger” between Cairo and Riyadh. Egypt’s authoritarian leader Sisi publicly criticized some Ramadan television dramas expressing concern that certain content was not in line with Egyptian societal values and negatively affected public taste, and urged producers to focus on content that promotes positive ethics and national identity rather than just “tragedy, comedy, or empty content”.

    The report suggests that due to the vital nature of the bilateral relationship, disagreements on regional issues are expressed implicitly through the cultural and media sphere, using it as a barometer for political tensions. The involvement of MBC-affiliated journalists in defending the channel was seen as possibly directed counter-messaging from Riyadh.

Section 2

ยซู„ุง ู„ู„ุชู‘ู‡ุฌูŠุฑยป ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดู‘ุนุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชู‚ุฏู‘ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชู‘ู‡ุฌูŠุฑ ููƒุฑุฉ ุชุทุฑุญ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุงุดุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุนู†ู ูˆู…ุฌุงุฒุฑ ู„ูุฑุถ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญุง ูŠู†ุงู‚ูŽุด ููŠ ุจุฑู„ู…ุงู† ู…ุงุŒ ูˆูŠุฌุฑูŠ ุงุณุชูุชุงุก ุงู„ุดุนุจ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ุชุฑุญ ุชู‡ุฌูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุถุบูˆุทุŒ ูˆุงุณุชูุชุงุก ุงู„ุดุนูˆุจุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณูˆู ุชุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฌู‘ุฑูŠู†ุŒ ยซู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุช ู…ูˆุงูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุทู†ูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃู… ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ููŠ ูˆุทู†ูƒยป. ู…ุซู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุงุณุชูุชุงุก ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ู„ ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠ ุฃู… ุชุคูŠู‘ุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ูุตุงู„ ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ

“No to Displacement” is the excellent and most sublime slogan, taking precedence over all others, when displacement is merely an idea proposed for discussion โ€“ without violence or massacres to impose the idea. [This applies] when it is a proposal debated in some parliament, and referendums are conducted without pressure: one for the people whose displacement is proposed, and another for the peoples who would receive these displaced individuals. [The question might be akin to asking:] “Do you agree to emigrate from your homeland to another country, or to remain in your homeland?” โ€“ similar to the referendum question in European countries: “Do you want to remain within the European Union, or do you support separating from it?”

ุญูŠู†ุฆุฐ ุฅุฐุง ุฑููุน ุดุนุงุฑ ยซู„ุง ู„ู„ุชู‡ุฌูŠุฑยป ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูุนู„ูŠุฉ. ุฃู…ุง ุดุนุงุฑ ยซู„ุง ู„ู„ุชู‡ุฌูŠุฑยป ุชุญุช ุถุบุท ุงู„ุญุตุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠุน ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุญูŠู„ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุŒ ู…ุฑู‘ุฉ ุชู„ูˆ ู…ุฑู‘ุฉ ูˆุชุญุช ูˆุงุจู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุจู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุชุฌุฑูŠู ุงู„ู…ุณุงูƒู† ูˆุงู„ุทุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆุฅุญุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎูŠู…ุงุช ูˆุชุทุงูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌุซุซ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุนุดุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุชุงุฑุŒ ูˆุฏูู† ุงู„ู…ุณุนููŠู† ู…ุน ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฅุณุนุงูุŒ ุซู… ุงู„ุฒุนู… ุงู„ุณุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠุฑุŒ ุจุฃู†ู‘ู‡ู… ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒู‘ุฉุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ูŠุตุจุญ ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ุง ูˆุงุญุชูŠุงู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนโ€ฆ

In that case, if the slogan “No to Displacement” is raised, it holds both moral and actual value. However, raising the slogan “No to Displacement” under the pressure of siege, starvation, and internal displacement time after time; under a barrage of giant bombs; amid the bulldozing of homes and roads, the burning of people in camps, bodies being flung tens of meters into the air, and paramedics being buried with their ambulances; followed by the sadistic and despicable claim that they desire ‘voluntary migration’ for the people from the Gaza Strip โ€“ this becomes a denial of and deception regarding the reality unfolding on the groundโ€ฆ


Section 3

ุดู‡ุฏุช ู…ุฏู† ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุณูŠุฑุงุช ุถุฏ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฑูุนุช ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุดู‘ู‡ุฏุงุกุŒ ูˆุชุฌุณูŠุฏุงุช ู„ู„ุถุญุงูŠุงุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุŒ ุจู„ ููŠ ุฃูŠุงู… ูˆุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ูˆุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงุนุชู‚ู„ ููŠ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ู† ุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุงุญุชุฌุงุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ู…ู†ุฐ ุจุฏุงูŠุงุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุชู…ูƒู‘ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ู…ู† ูุฑุถ ู‚ุจุถุชู‡ ูˆู…ู†ูŽุน ุงู„ุชุธุงู‡ุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู† ูŠููุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ู…ูŠุงุฏูŠู† ู…ุตุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุจุถุน ู…ุฆุงุชุŒ ุจู„ ุจู…ุฆุงุช ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงูุถูŠู† ู„ู„ุญุตุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุญุฑุจุŒ ูุงู„ู…ุฏู† ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆูƒู†ุฏุง ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ูˆููŠ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑูŠุด ุจุงู„ุชู‘ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุจู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ุถุฏ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ.

Many cities around the world witnessed marches against genocide, raising images of martyred children and depictions of victims. This was not only seen last Monday, but also in previous days, weeks, and months. Meanwhile in Egypt, those who tried to protest the genocidal war were arrested since its beginning. The regime managed to tighten its grip and prevent demonstrations that should have filled Egypt’s squares, not with a few hundred people, but with hundreds of thousands who oppose the siege and the war. Indeed, cities in Europe, South and North America, Canada, the Far East, Africa, and elsewhere are not better suited than Cairo, Alexandria, or Arish to host protests by the hundreds of thousands against genocide.

ูƒุงู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ู†ูุณู‡ ุชู†ุธูŠู… ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑุงุช ุดุนุจูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุถุฏ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ู…ูŠุงุฏูŠู† ุฏูˆู„ ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู†ุธู‘ู…ุฉ ูˆู…ูุจู‡ุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ูŠู…ู†ุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุจุชูุงูˆุช ุจูŠู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุฏูˆู„ ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุตู‘ู„ุงุฉ ููŠ ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉ.

The regime itself could have organized mass public demonstrations of millions of people against genocide, as was seen in an organized and impressive manner in other Arab countries such as Morocco and Yemen, and to varying degrees between cities in other Arab nations, especially after Friday prayersโ€ฆ

ุตุฑู‘ุญ ูˆุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ุจู‚ุจุถุชู‡ ุจุนุถู ุฅุนู„ุงู…ูŠูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ููŠ ู…ุตุฑุŒ ุตุฑุฎูˆุง ุจุฃู†ู‘ ู…ุตุฑ ู„ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชุญุงุฑุจ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃุญุฏุŒ ูˆูŠู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุฑุฏูˆุฏุง ู…ู†ุธู‘ู…ุฉ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุฐุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุจุดุนุงุฑุงุช ู…ุซู„ ยซูŠุง ุฃุฎูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุฑูˆุญ ุญุงุฑุจยป. ยซู„ูŠู‡ ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู…ุตุฑ ุชุญุงุฑุจ ุนู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ุงยป. ยซู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ุตุฑ ุฃู† ุชุญุงุฑุจ ุญุฑูˆุจูƒู…. ุฃูŠู† ูƒู†ุชู… ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุญุงุฑุจุช ู…ุตุฑ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุงุŸยป ยซู†ุญู† ู…ู„ุชุฒู…ูˆู† ุจุงุชูุงู‚ุงุช ูƒุงู…ุจ ุฏูŠููŠุฏุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู†ุญุชุฑู… ุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ุงุชยป.

Some of the regime’s media figures in Egypt declared – banging their fists on the table – shouting that Egypt does not want to fight on anyone’s behalf (in anyone’s place). And there were also organized responses from social bots [“electronic flies”] using slogans such as: “You go fight yourself, brother,” or “Why do you want Egypt to fight for others?”, “Why do you want Egypt to fight your wars?”, “Where were you when Egypt fought alone?”, “We are committed to the Camp David Accords, and we are an ancient nation (a nation with a long history; a noble state] that respects agreements.”


About the Arabic term ุฐูุจุงุจูŒ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ููŠู‘ูŒ – “Electronic Flies”

The Arabic term ุฐูุจุงุจูŒ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ููŠู‘ูŒ literally means “electronic flies”. Think of them as online swarms of fake accounts โ€“ could be bots, could be real people hiding โ€“ whose main job is to buzz around social media pushing a specific agenda, spreading propaganda, and trying to shout down anyone who disagrees.

Why flies? The name probably stuck because, like the insect, these accounts are super annoying, they show up in huge numbers (swarms), and they spread negativity or “digital dirt“.

The actual term “electronic flies” likely caught on widely around 2016-2017, often linked to Saudi Arabia. It’s believed pro-government groups there used these tactics to polish the state’s image and go after critics online. Targets frequently included:

  • Critical journalists like Jamal Khashoggi (ุฌู…ุงู„ ุฎุงุดู‚ุฌูŠ); he later was brutally killed in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul in the year 2018.
  • Activists inside and outside the country, including prominent women’s rights figures like Loujain al-Hathloul (ู„ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู‡ุฐู„ูˆู„)
  • Ordinary citizens posting critical tweets
  • Rival states like Qatar (ู‚ุทุฑ) and Iran (ุฅูŠุฑุงู†)

But the tactic itself is older. For instance, it really ramped up in Egypt back in 2013 after the military removed President Morsi. During that intense political conflict, reliable reports show both sides โ€“ supporters of the military-backed government and supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood (ุฌูŽู…ุงุนุฉู ุงู„ู’ุฅูุฎู’ูˆุงู†ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูุณู’ู„ูู…ููŠู†ูŽ) โ€“ heavily used these online networks to push their narratives, attack opponents, and try to sway public opinion. The military itself was actively involved in using social media for its messaging.

These “flies” spam hashtags, flood comment sections with noise or abuse, harass people, and spread fake news. Ultimately, they pollute online conversations, make it harder to know what’s real, and contribute to making social media a more hostile place.


Section 4

ุณุจู‚ ู„ุจุนุถ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู…ูŠูŠู† ุฃู† ุงุชู‡ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠูŠู† ุจุจูŠุน ุฃุฑุงุถูŠู‡ู… ู„ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุตู‡ูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุจุงุฆุนูŠู† ูŠุทู„ุจูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ุตุฑ ุฃู† ุชุญุงุฑุจ ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุงุถูŠู‡ู…. ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ุณุชุนุฏูˆู† ู„ู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุทูˆุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุตู‡ูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุงุช ู…ู‚ุจู„ุฉุŒ ุญุณุจ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู….

Some of these media figures have previously accused the Palestinians of selling their lands to the Zionist Movement, claiming that these sellers were now asking Egypt to fight to restore/regain these lands. Incidentally, these figures are ready to return to this old Zionist narrative on future occasions, depending on the regime’s needs.

ู„ู… ูŠุชูุญ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ููŠ ู…ุตุฑ ู„ุดุนุจ ู…ุตุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนุฑุจูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ู…ุดุงุนุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆู‚ู ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉุŒ ุจู„ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ุฃุณู‡ู… ููŠ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุญุตุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุตู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุน ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ุญู…ูˆู„ุงุช ุฅุณู…ู†ุช ูˆุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ูˆู…ูˆุงุฏ ุจู†ุงุกุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุงุณุชุบู†ุงุก ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ ูˆุฅุนู„ุงู† ุนุฌุฒู‡ ุนู† ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆุชุจุงุฏู„ ุงู„ุงุชู‡ุงู…ุงุช ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุญุชู„ุงู„ ุนู† ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุจุฑ.

The regime in Egypt did not allow the people of Egypt, the largest Arab country with over 105 million people, to express their true feelings to stop the genocidal war. Instead, it contributed to diverting attention away from the siege and genocide through silence on preventing the entry of humanitarian aid โ€“ as if food supplies were shipments of cement, plastic, and building materials that people can do without for years โ€“ and by declaring its inability to bring aid in, while exchanging blame with the occupation over responsibility for the closure of the crossings.

ยซู…ุตุฑ ู…ุด ุญุชุญุงุฑุจยป ู‡ูˆ ุดุนุงุฑ ุฏูŠู…ุงุบูˆุฌูŠ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู…ู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุชูˆุฑูŠุท ู…ุตุฑ ููŠ ุญุฑุจ ุถุฏ ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ูˆุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงุŒ ูƒูŠ ูŠุฏู…ู‘ุฑ ุฌูŠุดู‡ุง ูˆุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุจู„ ุฅู†ู‘ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุตุฑู‘ุญ ุจุฃู†ู‘ ู…ุง ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจู‡ ุญู…ุงุณ ููŠ ุฃูƒุชูˆุจุฑ 2023 ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุทู‘ุท ู„ุชู‡ุฌูŠุฑ ุฃู‡ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูŠู†ุงุก ูˆุชูˆุฑูŠุท ู…ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ู„ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูŠุดู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุธูŠู… ูˆุถุฑุจ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏู‡ุง. ูŠุฑุงูู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฏุนุงุก ุงู„ุชู‘ู„ูˆูŠุญ ู„ู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฌูˆุน ูˆุชุฐูƒูŠุฑู‡ู… ุจุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ุจุถุนุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ููˆุถู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุตู„ ูƒู…ุง ุญุตู„ ููŠ ุฏูˆู„ ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุฒุนุฒุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู…ุŒ ุซู… ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฑูˆุถ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุงู†ุญุฉ ูƒุฅู†ุฌุงุฒุงุช ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุท ุจู‡ุง.

The slogan “Egypt will not fight” is demagogic, attempting to portray that there are those who want to embroil Egypt in a war against Israel and America in order to destroy its army and economy. Indeed, some of them have even stated that what Hamas did in October 2023 was a scheme aimed at displacing the people of the Gaza Strip to Sinai and embroiling Egypt in the war to eliminate its great army and strike its economy. Accompanying this claim is the brandishing of [the threat of] hunger at Egyptians, reminding them of the number of new births every few days, and the chaos that might occur โ€“ as happened in other Arab countries โ€“ if the regime is destabilized. This is followed by portraying the acquisition of new loans from donor countries as great achievements that must not be squandered.

ุชุตุฑูŠุญุงุช ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ุณู‘ูŠุณูŠ ู…ู†ุฐ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„ ู„ู‚ุงุฆู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ู ุดูˆู„ุชุณ ููŠ ุดุฑู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ููŠ 18 ุฃูƒุชูˆุจุฑ 2023ุŒ ุญู…ู„ุช ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุฉ ุถู…ู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุฌุฑู‰ ูˆูŠุฌุฑูŠุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฃุนู„ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ยซุจุฅู…ูƒุงู† ู†ุชู†ูŠุงู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุณู‘ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุจ ุซู… ุฅุนุงุฏุชู‡ู… ุฅุฐุง ุดุงุก ุจุนุฏ ุชุตููŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู‘ุญุฉยปุŒ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุจูŠู† ุญูŠู† ูˆุขุฎุฑ ุชุตุฑูŠุญุงุช ู„ู„ุณู‘ูŠุณูŠ ูˆู„ูˆุฒูŠุฑ ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุชู‡ ุนู† ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ุชูุงูˆุถูŠุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŒ ุซู… ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู…ู† ุญุฒูŠุฑุงู†/ูŠูˆู†ูŠูˆ ุนุงู… 67 ูˆุนุงุตู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณ!

Abdel Fattah El-Sisi’s statements since the beginning of the war of genocide, particularly during his meeting with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz in Sharm El Sheikh on October 18, 2023, carried implicit approval for what happened and is happening. He declared then that “Netanyahu could move the Palestinian population to the Negev and then return them, if he wishes, after eliminating the resistance and the armed groups.” In addition to this, statements appear from time to time by Sisi and his foreign minister about the necessity of stopping the war and returning to the negotiation track, arguing that the continuation of the war could lead to instability in the region. This is then followed by talk of a Palestinian state on the June 4th, 1967 borders with Jerusalem as its capital!

ู‚ุฏุณ ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุง ุนู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชู… ุชุนุชุฑููˆู† ุจุฃู†ูุณูƒู… ุจุนุฌุฒูƒู… ุนู† ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฎูŠุงู… ูˆุงู„ุทู‘ุญูŠู† ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุณู‘ู„ุทุงุช ุงู„ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ูŠุฉ ุฃุบู„ู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ุนุจุฑุŒ ูˆุชุทุงู„ุจูˆู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุจุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฌู‡ูˆุฏุงู‹ ู„ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูุนู† ุฃูŠู‘ ู‚ุฏุณู ุชุชุญุฏู‘ุซูˆู†! ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู† ุดุนุงุฑ ุงู„ุฏู‘ูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู…ู† ูŠูˆู†ูŠูˆ ูˆุนุงุตู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณุŒ ุตุงุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุง ู…ู† ุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุนู† ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุนู…ู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู‡ุฌูŠุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุชู…ู†ุญ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ู†ุชู†ูŠุงู‡ูˆ ูˆุนุตุงุจุชู‡ ู„ุชู†ููŠุฐ ู…ุง ูŠุญู„ู…ูˆู† ุจู‡ ูˆูŠู…ุงุฑุณูˆู†ู‡.

What Jerusalem, man? (ู‚ุฏุณ ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุง ุนู…ุŸ) If you yourselves admit your inability to get water, medicine, tents, and flour through because the Israeli authorities closed the crossing, and you call upon the world to make efforts to get humanitarian aid in, then what Jerusalem are you talking about! The truth is that the slogan of “a Palestinian state on the June 4th borders with Jerusalem as its capital” has become one of the slogans used for diversion from the necessity of real action to stop the genocide and displacement. They are slogans that grant more time to Netanyahu and his gang [or: cronies] to implement what they dream of and are currently practicing.

ู„ู… ูŠุทู„ุจ ุฃุญุฏูŒ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฑ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุญุงุฑุจุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุญู‚ู‘ู ุฃุญุฏู ุฃู† ูŠุทุงู„ุจ ุจู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ุณูˆู‰ ุฌุนุฌุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุจูˆุงู‚ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฎุงุฐู„ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุงุทุค ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุฑูŠ.. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุตุงุฏู‚ุง ู„ุฃุชุงุญ ู„ุดุนุจ ู…ุตุฑ ุฃู† ูŠุนุจู‘ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑุงุช ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุนู† ุฑูุถ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุฃูˆู‘ู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ูˆุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ.

No one has asked Egypt or anyone else to fight, nor does anyone have the right to make such a request. This is mere nonsense by the regime’s mouthpieces to justify inaction and complicity with what is happening. Had the regime been sincere, it would have allowed the Egyptian people to express, through million-strong demonstrations, their stance rejecting the genocide, and would have focused first and foremost on ending the war and getting humanitarian aid in – before talking about anything else.


Vocabulary list

All the words in the above article marked in color can be found in this table with explanations.

If you are unfamiliar with the verb system used in the Hans Wehr dictionary (Roman numerals, I-X), click here for a short and simplified overview.

Part 1: Analysis of a headline

The following vocabulary list covers the yellow-marked words we saw in the headlines.

ARABICEXPLANATION
ุฅูุชุงูˆูŽุฉูŒ
pl: ุฃูŽุชุงูˆูŽู‰
royalty, fee, levy, tribute, (protection) money. Often used for fees paid for passage or use (like a canal toll), sometimes with a negative connotation of extortion or protection money.

For example: Shipping companies pay fees/tolls for using the canal (ุชูŽุฏู’ููŽุนู ุดูŽุฑููƒุงุชู ุงู„ุดูŽู‘ุญู’ู†ู ุฅูุชุงูˆุงุชู ู„ูุงุณู’ุชูุฎู’ุฏุงู…ู ุงู„ู’ู‚ูŽู†ุงุฉู). Demanding protection money (ุทูŽู„ูŽุจู ุงู„ู’ุฅูุชุงูˆูŽุฉู).
ุงูุณู’ุชูุซู’ู…ุงุฑูŒ
pl: ุงูุณู’ุชูุซู’ู…ุงุฑุงุชูŒ
investment. This is the verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the ุงูุณู’ุชูŽุซู’ู…ูŽุฑูŽ – ูŠูŽุณู’ุชูŽุซู’ู…ูุฑู (to invest, to exploit, to utilize). Root: ุซ-ู…-ุฑ (fruit, yield, result).

For example: Foreign investment plays a crucial role (ูŠูŽู„ู’ุนูŽุจู ุงู„ู’ุงูุณู’ุชูุซู’ู…ุงุฑู ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุฌู’ู†ูŽุจููŠูู‘ ุฏูŽูˆู’ุฑู‹ุง ุญุงุณูู…ู‹ุง). Investment promotion agency (ู‡ูŽูŠู’ุฆูŽุฉู ุชูŽุดู’ุฌููŠุนู ุงู„ู’ุงูุณู’ุชูุซู’ู…ุงุฑู). Attracting investments (ุฌูŽุฐู’ุจู ุงู„ู’ุงูุณู’ุชูุซู’ู…ุงุฑุงุชู).
ุบูุฑู’ููŽุฉูŒ
pl: ุบูุฑูŽููŒ or ุบูุฑููุงุชูŒ
room, chamber. Can also refer to an official body or association, like a Chamber (of Commerce, Industry, etc.). For example: The Chamber of Commerce issued a statement (ุฃูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŽุชู’ ุบูุฑู’ููŽุฉู ุงู„ุชูู‘ุฌุงุฑูŽุฉู ุจูŽูŠุงู†ู‹ุง). Federation of Egyptian Chambers of Commerce (ุงูุชูู‘ุญุงุฏู ุงู„ู’ุบูุฑูŽูู ุงู„ุชูู‘ุฌุงุฑููŠูŽู‘ุฉู ุงู„ู’ู…ูุตู’ุฑููŠูŽู‘ุฉู). Hotel room (ุบูุฑู’ููŽุฉู ููู†ู’ุฏูู‚ู).
ุชูŽุฃูŽุซูŽู‘ุฑูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽุฃูŽุซูŽู‘ุฑูto be affected, to be influenced (by = ุจู). V-verb. This is the reflexive/passive counterpart of the II-verb ุฃูŽุซูŽู‘ุฑูŽ – ูŠูุคูŽุซูู‘ุฑู (to affect, influence). The verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) is ุชูŽุฃูŽุซูู‘ุฑูŒ (emotion; being affected, sensitivity).

For example: Global markets are affected by the decision (ุชูŽุชูŽุฃูŽุซูŽู‘ุฑู ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุณู’ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ู’ุนุงู„ูŽู…ููŠูŽู‘ุฉู ุจูุงู„ู’ู‚ูŽุฑุงุฑู). He was deeply affected by the scene (ุชูŽุฃูŽุซูŽู‘ุฑูŽ ุจูุดูุฏูŽู‘ุฉู ุจูุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุดู’ู‡ูŽุฏู).
ู‚ูŽู†ุงุฉูŒ
pl: ู‚ูŽู†ูŽูˆุงุชูŒ / ุฃูŽู‚ู’ู†ููŠุฉูŒ
canal, channel. (ู‚ูŽู†ูŽูˆุงุชูŒ is common for canals and TV channels).

For example: The Suez Canal is a vital waterway (ู‚ูŽู†ุงุฉู ุงู„ุณูู‘ูˆูŽูŠู’ุณู ู…ูŽู…ูŽุฑูŒู‘ ู…ุงุฆููŠูŒู‘ ุญูŽูŠูŽูˆููŠูŒู‘). News channel (ู‚ูŽู†ุงุฉูŒ ุฅูุฎู’ุจุงุฑููŠูŽู‘ุฉูŒ). Satellite channel (ู‚ูŽู†ุงุฉูŒ ููŽุถุงุฆููŠู‘ุฉูŒ).

Watch out: Strait of Hormuz (ู…ูŽุถููŠู‚ู ู‡ูุฑู’ู…ูุฒ), between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. In general, the word ู…ูŽุถููŠู‚ูŒ (pl: ู…ูŽุถุงุฆูู‚ู or ู…ูŽุถุงูŠูู‚ู) is more common for strait, but ู‚ูŽู†ุงุฉูŒ can sometimes be used figuratively.
ู…ูุตูŽุฏูู‘ุฑูŒ
pl: ู…ูุตูŽุฏูู‘ุฑููˆู†ูŽ
exporter; exporting. This is the active participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ูุงุนูู„ู) of the II-verb ุตูŽุฏูŽู‘ุฑูŽ – ูŠูุตูŽุฏูู‘ุฑู (to export). The opposite is ู…ูุณู’ุชูŽูˆู’ุฑูุฏูŒ (importer) from the X-verb ุงูุณู’ุชูŽูˆู’ุฑูŽุฏูŽ (to import). The verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of ุตูŽุฏูŽู‘ุฑูŽ is ุชูŽุตู’ุฏููŠุฑูŒ (export). Root: ุต-ุฏ-ุฑ (to issue, emerge, go out).

For example: The government supports exporters (ุชูŽุฏู’ุนูŽู…ู ุงู„ู’ุญููƒููˆู…ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ู…ูุตูŽุฏูู‘ุฑููŠู†ูŽ). Association of Exporters (ุฑูŽุงุจูุทูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ู…ูุตูŽุฏูู‘ุฑููŠู†ูŽ). The country is a major oil exporter (ุงู„ู’ุจูŽู„ูŽุฏู ู…ูุตูŽุฏูู‘ุฑูŒ ุฑูŽุฆููŠุณููŠูŒู‘ ู„ูู„ู†ูู‘ูู’ุทู).
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner

Part 2: Translation of an article

Headline and article section 1

ARABICEXPLANATION
ุญุงุฑูŽุจูŽ – ูŠูุญุงุฑูุจูto fight; to combat; to wage war (against = direct object). For example: to oppose an opinion (ุญุงุฑูŽุจูŽ ุฑูŽุฃู’ูŠู‹ุง); to fight something fiercely (ุญุงุฑูŽุจูŽ ุดูŽูŠู’ุฆู‹ุง ุจูุดูุฏู‘ูŽุฉู). Notice: The VI-verb also denotes to fight, but in the reflexive meaning of to fight each other; fight with each other; to be at war with.
ู„ูุฃูŽุฌู’ู„ูfor the sake of; because of. For example: I did that for you (ููŽุนูŽู„ู’ุชู ุฐูฐู„ููƒูŽ ู„ูุฃูŽุฌู’ู„ููƒูŽ = ููŽุนูŽู„ู’ุชู ุฐูฐู„ููƒูŽ ู…ูู†ู’ ุฃูŽุฌู’ู„ููƒูŽ). To fight for equality (ุงู„ู’ูƒููุงุญู ู…ูู†ู’ ุฃูŽุฌู’ู„ู ุงู„ู’ุนูŽุฏุงู„ูŽุฉู)
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ARABICEXPLANATION
ุณุงุฏูŽ – ูŠูŽุณููˆุฏูto prevail, predominate, be dominant, reign. I-verb. Root: ุณ-ูˆ-ุฏ. The verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) is ุณููŠุงุฏูŽุฉูŒ (sovereignty, prevalence, mastery) or ุณูุคู’ุฏูุฏูŒ.

For example: Slogans of ‘No to Displacement’ prevailed (ุณุงุฏูŽุชู’ ุดูุนุงุฑุงุชู ู„ุง ู„ูู„ุชูŽู‘ู‡ู’ุฌููŠุฑู). An atmosphere of optimism prevails (ุชูŽุณูˆุฏู ุฃูŽุฌู’ูˆุงุกูŒ ู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ุชูŽู‘ูุงุคูู„ู). There was a widespread belief that (ุณุงุฏูŽ ุงู„ู’ุงูุนู’ุชูู‚ุงุฏู ุจูุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ). Note: There is a famous saying: ุงู„ู’ุญูŽุณููˆุฏู ู„ุง ูŠูŽุณููˆุฏู. It can be translated as: envy will get you nowhere.
ุดูุนุงุฑูŒ
pl: ุดูุนุงุฑุงุชูŒ or ุดูุนูุฑูŒ or ุฃูŽุดู’ุนูุฑุฉูŒ
slogan, motto; emblem, logo, banner. For example: the company’s slogan (ุดูุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุดูŽู‘ุฑููƒูŽุฉู); an empty slogan (ุดูุนุงุฑูŒ ูุงุฑูุบูŒ); to chant slogans (ู‡ูŽุชูŽููŽ – ูŠูŽู‡ู’ุชููู ุดูุนุงุฑุงุชู or ุฃูŽุทู’ู„ูŽู‚ูŽ – ูŠูุทู’ู„ูู‚ู ุดูุนุงุฑุงุชู).
ู…ูŽุณูŽู‘ – ูŠูŽู…ูุณู‘ูto touch; to affect, to concern; to infringe upon; also: to violate, to harm (ุจู). I-verb. Root: ู…-ุณ-ุณ. The verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) is ู…ูŽุณูŒู‘ or ู…ูŽุณููŠุณูŒ.

For example: โ€ฆwhoever tries to touch/infringe upon the soil of Egyptโ€ฆ (ู…ูŽู†ู’ ูŠูุญุงูˆูู„ู ุฃูŽู†ู’ ูŠูŽู…ูŽุณูŽู‘ ุชูุฑุงุจูŽ ู…ูุตู’ุฑูŽ). This decision affects the interests of citizens (ู‡ูฐุฐูŽุง ุงู„ู’ู‚ูŽุฑุงุฑู ูŠูŽู…ูŽุณูู‘ ู…ูŽุตุงู„ูุญูŽ ุงู„ู’ู…ููˆุงุทูู†ููŠู†ูŽ). There was an urgent need of it (ู…ูŽุณู‘ูŽุชู’ ุงู„ู’ุญุงุฌูŽุฉู ุฅูู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู).

Watch out: If you want to express to touch, you use a direct object. If you use the preposition ุจู, the meaning is usually negative (ุฎุงู„ูŽููŽ): to harm something (ู…ูŽุณู‘ูŽ ุจูุดูŽูŠู’ุกู).
ุชูุฑุงุจูŒ
pl: ุชูุฑู’ุจุงู†ูŒ or ุฃูŽุชู’ุฑูุจุฉูŒ
soil, earth, dust. Often used figuratively for land or territory, symbolizing homeland or sovereignty. For example: the soil of Egypt (ุชูุฑุงุจู ู…ูุตู’ุฑูŽ). Returning to the homeland’s soil (ุงู„ู’ุนูŽูˆู’ุฏูŽุฉู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ุชูุฑุงุจู ุงู„ู’ูˆูŽุทูŽู†ู).

It is a deep word that can also express the end of life as in the following famous Hadith: If Adam’s son had a valley full of gold, he would like to have two valleys, for nothing fills his mouth except dust (ู„ูŽูˆู’ ุฃูŽู†ู‘ูŽ ู„ุงูุจู’ู†ู ุขุฏูŽู…ูŽ ูˆูŽุงุฏููŠู‹ุง ู…ูู†ู’ ุฐูŽู‡ูŽุจู ุฃูŽุญูŽุจู‘ูŽ ุฃูŽู†ู’ ูŠูŽูƒููˆู†ูŽ ู„ูŽู‡ู ูˆูŽุงุฏููŠูŽุงู†ูุŒ ูˆูŽู„ูŽู†ู’ ูŠูŽู…ู’ู„ุฃูŽ ููŽุงู‡ู ุฅูู„ุงู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุชู‘ูุฑูŽุงุจู). Dust here signifies that the only thing that will ultimately fill a person’s mouth and put an end to their worldly desires is the earth of their grave after death.
ุฏุงุณูŽ – ูŠูŽุฏููˆุณูto step on; to tread (on = ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰), trample (on = ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰). I-verb. Root: ุฏ-ูˆ-ุณ. The verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) is ุฏูŽูˆู’ุณูŒ.

For example: we will trample him (ุณูŽูˆู’ููŽ ู†ูŽุฏููˆุณูู‡ู), used forcefully to mean crush or defeat. Do not tread on the flowers (ู„ุง ุชูŽุฏูุณู’ ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุฒู’ู‡ุงุฑู). She was run over by a car (ุฏุงุณูŽุชู’ู‡ุง ุณูŽูŠู‘ุงุฑูŽุฉูŒ).
ููŽุฑูŽู‘ุทูŽ – ูŠูููŽุฑูู‘ุทู (ูููŠ)to relinquish, give up, cede, abandon; to neglect, be remiss. II-verb. It can be used with a direct object, but also with the preposition ูููŠ (or rarely ุจู). The verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) is ุชูŽูู’ุฑููŠุทูŒ (negligence, relinquishment).

For example: We will not relinquish a grain of Sinai’s sands (ู„ูŽู†ู’ ู†ูููŽุฑูู‘ุทูŽ ุจูุญูŽุจูŽู‘ุฉู ู…ูู†ู’ ุฑูู…ุงู„ู ุณูŽูŠู’ู†ุงุกูŽ). He was punished for neglecting his duties (ุนููˆู‚ูุจูŽ ู„ูุชูŽูู’ุฑููŠุทูู‡ู ูููŠ ูˆุงุฌูุจุงุชูู‡ู).
ุญูŽุจูŽู‘ุฉูŒ
pl: ุญูŽุจู‘ุงุชูŒ or ุญูุจููˆุจูŒ
grain, seed, pip; single piece, unit; pill, tablet. Unit noun of the collective ุญูŽุจูŒู‘ (grain, seeds).
For example: A grain of wheat (ุญูŽุจูŽู‘ุฉู ู‚ูŽู…ู’ุญู). Take one pill daily (ุฎูุฐู’ ุญูŽุจูŽู‘ุฉู‹ ูˆุงุญูุฏูŽุฉู‹ ูŠูŽูˆู’ู…ููŠู‹ู‘ุง).
ุฑูŽู…ู’ู„ูŒ
pl: ุฑูู…ุงู„ูŒ
sand. For example: The desert is full of sand dunes (ุงู„ุตูŽู‘ุญู’ุฑุงุกู ู…ูŽู„ููŠุฆูŽุฉูŒ ุจูุงู„ู’ูƒูุซู’ุจุงู†ู ุงู„ุฑูŽู‘ู…ู’ู„ููŠูŽู‘ุฉู). Quick sand (ูŒุฑูู…ุงู„ูŒ ู…ูุชูŽุญูŽุฑู‘ููƒุฉ)
ุนุงุฒูู„ูŒ
pl: ุนูŽูˆุงุฒูู„ู
isolating, separating, insulating; (noun) insulator, barrier. Active participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ูุงุนูู„ู) of the I-verb ุนูŽุฒูŽู„ูŽ – ูŠูŽุนู’ุฒูู„ู (to isolate, separate, insulate; dismiss). The verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) is ุนูŽุฒู’ู„ูŒ.

For example: separation wall/barrier (ุฌูุฏุงุฑูŒ ุนุงุฒูู„ูŒ). Thermal insulation (ุนูŽุฒู’ู„ูŒ ุญูŽุฑุงุฑููŠูŒู‘).
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ARABICEXPLANATION
ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ุญูŽุฏูู‘ ู…ุงto some extent, somewhat, to a certain degree. Adverbial phrase. For example: I agree with you somewhat (ุฃููˆุงููู‚ููƒูŽ ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ุญูŽุฏู‘ู ู…ุง).
ุชูŽู†ู’ูููŠุณูŒventing, letting off steam. It is the verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the II-verb ู†ูŽููŽู‘ุณูŽ – ูŠูู†ูŽููู‘ุณู (to let vent, give an outlet to, relieve pressure).

For example: Children need to vent their energies (ูŠูŽุญู’ุชุงุฌู ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุทู’ูุงู„ู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ุชูŽู†ู’ูููŠุณู ุทุงู‚ุงุชูู‡ูู…ู’). Defusing the crisis (ุชูŽู†ู’ููŠุณ ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุฒู’ู…ุฉู)
ุงูุญู’ุชูู‚ุงู†ูŒcongestion, bottleneck; blood clot; build-up of tension. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VIII-verb ุงูุญู’ุชูŽู‚ูŽู†ูŽ – ูŠูŽุญู’ุชูŽู‚ูู†ู (to be congested, inflamed; to be filled with suppressed feelings like anger or resentment). Usage: Can refer to physical congestion (traffic, medical inflammation) or emotional/political tension.

For example: He suffers from inflammation in the throat / a sore throat (ูŠูุนุงู†ููŠ ู…ูŽู†ู’ ุงูุญู’ุชูู‚ุงู†ู ูููŠ ุงู„ุญูŽู„ู’ู‚ู).
ุฅูุตู’ุฑุงุฑูŒ ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰insistence, persistence, determination. It is the verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the IV-verb ุฃูŽุตูŽุฑูŽู‘ – ูŠูุตูุฑูู‘ (to insist, persist). For example: He insisted on his position (ุฃูŽุตูŽุฑู‘ูŽ ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ู…ูŽูˆู’ู‚ูููู‡ู).
ุฅูุฒุงุญูŽุฉูŒremoval, displacement, shifting, setting aside, sidelining, elimination. It is the verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the IV-verb ุฃูŽุฒุงุญูŽ – ูŠูุฒููŠุญู (to move aside, remove, displace, eliminate). For example: The statue was unveiled = lit. the curtain was removed from it (ุชูŽู…ู‘ูŽ ุฅูุฒุงุญุฉู ุงู„ุณูู‘ุชุงุฑู ุนูŽู†ู’ ุงู„ุชูู‘ู…ู’ุซุงู„ู)
ู…ูŽุดู’ู‡ูŽุฏูŒ
pl: ู…ูŽุดุงู‡ูุฏู
scene, sight, view, spectacle; (political/social) stage, arena, landscape. Noun of place (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ู…ูŽูƒุงู†ู) derived from the I-verb ุดูŽู‡ูุฏูŽ – ูŠูŽุดู’ู‡ูŽุฏู (to witness, see, attend, testify). For example: The political scene changed quickly (ุชูŽุบูŽูŠู‘ูŽุฑูŽ ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุดู’ู‡ูŽุฏู ุงู„ุณูู‘ูŠุงุณููŠู‘ู ุจูุณูุฑู’ุนูŽุฉู).
ุฅูุจุงุฏูŽุฉูŒextermination, annihilation, destruction, genocide. It is the verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the IV-verb ุฃูŽุจุงุฏูŽ – ูŠูุจููŠุฏู (to exterminate, annihilate, wipe out).

Usage: Refers to complete destruction or wiping out, often of living beings. Commonly used in the term ุฅูุจุงุฏุฉูŒ ุฌูŽู…ุงุนููŠูŽู‘ุฉูŒ (genocide, mass extermination). For example: Genocide is considered a crime against humanity (ุชูุนู’ุชูŽุจูŽุฑู ุงู„ู’ุฅูุจุงุฏูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ุฌูŽู…ุงุนููŠู‘ูŽุฉู ุฌูŽุฑููŠู…ูŽุฉู‹ ุถูุฏู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฅูู†ู’ุณุงู†ููŠู‘ูŽุฉู)
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner

Article Section 2

ARABICEXPLANATION
ู…ูู…ู’ุชุงุฒูŒexcellent, distinguished, superb, outstanding. Active participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ูุงุนูู„ู) of the VIII-verb ุงูู…ู’ุชุงุฒูŽ – ูŠูŽู…ู’ุชุงุฒู (ุจูู€) (to be distinguished by, to distinguish oneself). Note that the passive participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽูู’ุนููˆู„ู) looks the same = ู…ูู…ู’ุชุงุฒูŒ.

For example: This hotel offers excellent service (ูŠูู‚ูŽุฏูู‘ู…ู ู‡ูฐุฐูŽุง ุงู„ู’ููู†ู’ุฏูู‚ู ุฎูุฏู’ู…ูŽุฉู‹ ู…ูู…ู’ุชุงุฒูŽุฉู‹). Of outstanding quality (ุฐููˆ ุฌูŽูˆู’ุฏูŽุฉู ู…ูู…ู’ุชุงุฒูŽุฉู).
ุฃูŽุฑู’ู‚ูŽู‰
fem: ุฑูู‚ู’ูŠูŽุง
higher, highest; more/most refined, sophisticated, advanced, noble. Elative (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ุชูŽู‘ูู’ุถููŠู„ู) from the root ุฑ-ู‚-ูŠ (to ascend, rise, improve). The active participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ูุงุนูู„ู) is ุฑุงู‚ู (refined, sophisticated). For example: We aspire to reach higher levels of quality (ู†ูŽุทู’ู…ูŽุญู ู„ูู„ู’ูˆูุตููˆู„ู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ู…ูุณู’ุชูŽูˆูŽูŠุงุชู ุฃูŽุฑู’ู‚ูŽู‰ ู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฌูŽูˆู’ุฏูŽุฉู).
ุทูŽุฑูŽุญูŽ – ูŠูŽุทู’ุฑูŽุญูto throw, cast down; to put forward, propose, raise (a question, idea); to subtract. I-verb. The verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) is ุทูŽุฑู’ุญูŒ. The passive form in the article, ุชูุทู’ุฑูŽุญู, means “is put forward, is raised, is proposed”.

For example: an idea [that] is put forward for discussion (ูููƒู’ุฑูŽุฉูŒ ุชูุทู’ุฑูŽุญู ู„ูู„ู†ูู‘ู‚ุงุดู). The company proposed a new plan (ุทูŽุฑูŽุญูŽุชู’ ุงู„ุดูŽู‘ุฑููƒูŽุฉู ุฎูุทูŽู‘ุฉู‹ ุฌูŽุฏููŠุฏูŽุฉู‹).
ู†ูู‚ุงุดูŒ
pl: ู†ูู‚ุงุดุงุชูŒ
discussion, debate, argument. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the III-verb ู†ุงู‚ูŽุดูŽ – ูŠูู†ุงู‚ูุดู (to discuss, debate with someone = direct object). For example: is put forward for discussion (ุชูุทู’ุฑูŽุญู ู„ูู„ู†ูู‘ู‚ุงุดู). The topic is open for discussion (ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽูˆู’ุถููˆุนู ู…ูŽูู’ุชููˆุญูŒ ู„ูู„ู†ูู‘ู‚ุงุดู).
ู…ูŽุฌู’ุฒูŽุฑูŽุฉูŒ
pl: ู…ูŽุฌุงุฒูุฑู
massacre, slaughter; slaughterhouse. It is the noun of place (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ู…ูŽูƒุงู†ู) of the I-verb ุฌูŽุฒูŽุฑูŽ – ูŠูŽุฌู’ุฒูุฑู (to slaughter).

For example: without violence and massacres (ู…ูู†ู’ ุบูŽูŠู’ุฑู ุนูู†ู’ูู ูˆูŽู…ูŽุฌุงุฒูุฑูŽ). The world condemned the horrific massacre (ุฃูŽุฏุงู†ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุนุงู„ูŽู…ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุฌู’ุฒูŽุฑูŽุฉูŽ ุงู„ู’ู…ูุฑูŽูˆูู‘ุนูŽุฉูŽ).
ุงูู‚ู’ุชูุฑุงุญูŒ
pl: ุงูู‚ู’ุชูุฑุงุญุงุชูŒ
proposal, suggestion. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VIII-verb ุงูู‚ู’ุชูŽุฑูŽุญูŽ – ูŠูŽู‚ู’ุชูŽุฑูุญู (to propose, suggest).

For example: He accepted her suggestion (ู‚ูŽุจูู„ูŽ ุงูู‚ู’ุชูุฑุงุญูŽู‡ุง). Counterproposal (ุงูู‚ู’ุชูุฑุงุญูŒ ุจูŽุฏููŠู„ูŒ). To make a proposition (ุทูŽุฑูŽุญูŽ or ู‚ูŽุฏู‘ูŽู…ูŽ ุงูู‚ู’ุชูุฑุงุญู‹ุง or ุชูŽู‚ูŽุฏู‘ูŽู…ูŽ ุจูุงูู‚ู’ุชูุฑุงุญู)
ุงูุณู’ุชููู’ุชุงุกูŒ
pl: ุงูุณู’ุชููู’ุชุงุกุงุชูŒ
referendum, plebiscite. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the X-verb ุงูุณู’ุชูŽูู’ุชูŽู‰ – ูŠูŽุณู’ุชูŽูู’ุชููŠ (to ask for a ruling/opinion, consult; hold a referendum). Root: ู-ุช-ูˆ.

For example: to hold a referendum (ุฃูŽุฌู’ุฑูŽู‰ – ูŠูุฌู’ุฑููŠ ุงุณู’ุชููู’ุชุงุกู‹). The government decided to hold a referendum on the constitution (ู‚ูŽุฑูŽู‘ุฑูŽุชู’ ุงู„ู’ุญููƒููˆู…ูŽุฉู ุฅูุฌู’ุฑุงุกูŽ ุงุณู’ุชููู’ุชุงุกู ูููŠ ุงู„ุฏูู‘ุณู’ุชููˆุฑู).
ู…ูู‡ูŽุฌูŽู‘ุฑูŒ
pl: ู…ูู‡ูŽุฌูŽู‘ุฑููˆู†ูŽ
displaced person, someone forced to emigrate or flee. Passive participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽูู’ุนููˆู„ู) of the II-verb ู‡ูŽุฌูŽู‘ุฑูŽ – ูŠูู‡ูŽุฌูู‘ุฑู (to force to emigrate, displace). Contrast with ู…ูู‡ุงุฌูุฑูŒ (emigrant/immigrant, the active participle of the III-verb ู‡ุงุฌูŽุฑูŽ – to emigrate voluntarily). In the text, ุงู„ู’ู…ูู‡ูŽุฌูŽู‘ุฑููˆู†ูŽ refers to the displaced people who would hypothetically be received by other nations.

For example: Millions became displaced due to the war (ุฃูŽุตู’ุจูŽุญูŽ ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽู„ุงูŠููŠู†ู ู…ูู‡ูŽุฌูŽู‘ุฑููŠู†ูŽ ุจูุณูŽุจูŽุจู ุงู„ู’ุญูŽุฑู’ุจู).
ู…ูŽุนู’ู†ูŽูˆููŠูŒู‘moral, spiritual; semantic; non-material, abstract. Nisba (ู†ูุณู’ุจูŽุฉูŒ) from ู…ูŽุนู’ู†ู‹ู‰ [pl: ู…ูŽุนุงู†ู] (meaning, sense, significance). Root: ุน-ู†-ูŠ. In the text, ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุนู’ู†ูŽูˆููŠูŽู‘ุฉู refers to the moral value of the slogan.

For example: The team received moral support from the fans (ุญูŽุตูŽู„ูŽ ุงู„ู’ููŽุฑููŠู‚ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุฏูŽุนู’ู…ู ู…ูŽุนู’ู†ูŽูˆููŠูู‘ ู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฌูู…ู’ู‡ููˆุฑู). In grammar, ู…ูŽุนู’ู†ูŽูˆููŠู‘ูŒ denotes semantic – relating to meaning.
ููุนู’ู„ููŠูŒู‘actual, real, practical, effective; de facto. Nisba adjective (ู†ูุณู’ุจูŽุฉูŒ) from ููุนู’ู„ูŒ [pl: ุฃูŽูู’ุนุงู„ูŒ] (act, deed, action; verb).

For example: We need practical solutions, not just theories (ู†ูŽุญู’ุชุงุฌู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ุญูู„ููˆู„ู ููุนู’ู„ููŠูŽู‘ุฉูุŒ ู„ูŽูŠู’ุณูŽ ู…ูุฌูŽุฑูŽู‘ุฏูŽ ู†ูŽุธูŽุฑููŠู‘ุงุชู).
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ARABICEXPLANATION
ุญูุตุงุฑูŒ
pl: ุญูุตูุฑูŒ
siege, blockade, encirclement. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the III-verb ุญุงุตูŽุฑูŽ ูŠูุญุงุตูุฑู (to besiege, blockade, encircle).

For example: Lifting the siege on the city (ุฑูŽูู’ุนู ุงู„ู’ุญูุตุงุฑู ุนูŽู†ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุฏููŠู†ูŽุฉู). See MAB 02-25.
ุชูŽุฌู’ูˆููŠุนูŒcausing hunger, starvation (as an act). Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the II-verb ุฌูŽูˆูŽู‘ุนูŽ โ€“ ูŠูุฌูŽูˆูู‘ุนู (to cause to be hungry, starve someone). Related noun: ุฌููˆุนูŒ (hunger).

For example: Using starvation as a weapon is a war crime (ุงูุณู’ุชูุฎู’ุฏุงู…ู ุงู„ุชูŽู‘ุฌู’ูˆููŠุนู ูƒูŽุณูู„ุงุญู ู‡ููˆูŽ ุฌูŽุฑููŠู…ูŽุฉู ุญูŽุฑู’ุจู).
ุชูู„ู’ูˆูŽafter, following; immediately after. Used as an adverb (ุธูŽุฑู’ููŒ). Often as “X ุชูู„ู’ูˆูŽ X” meaning X after X or one X after another. Related to the verb ุชูŽู„ุง – ูŠูŽุชู’ู„ููˆ (to follow; recite). Root: ุช-ู„-ูˆ.

For example: time after time; again and again; over and over (ู…ูŽุฑู‘ูŽุฉู‹ ุชูู„ู’ูˆูŽ ู…ูŽุฑู‘ูŽุฉู or ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุฑู‘ุฉูŽ ุชูู„ู’ูˆูŽ ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุฑู‘ุฉู);. The disasters came one after another (ุฌุงุกูŽุชู ุงู„ู’ูƒูŽูˆุงุฑูุซู ูˆุงุญูุฏูŽุฉู‹ ุชูู„ู’ูˆูŽ ุงู„ู’ุฃูุฎู’ุฑูŽู‰).
ูˆุงุจูู„ูŒ
pl: ูˆูุจู’ู„ูŒ or ูˆูŽูˆุงุจูู„ู
heavy rain, downpour. For example: under a barrage of giant bombs(ุชูŽุญู’ุชูŽ ูˆุงุจูู„ู ู…ูู†ู’ ุงู„ู’ู‚ูŽู†ุงุจูู„ู ุงู„ู’ุนูู…ู’ู„ุงู‚ูŽุฉู). The speaker faced a barrage of questions (ูˆุงุฌูŽู‡ูŽ ุงู„ู’ู…ูุชูŽุญูŽุฏูู‘ุซู ูˆุงุจูู„ู‹ุง ู…ูู†ู’ ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุณู’ุฆูู„ูŽุฉู).
ุนูู…ู’ู„ุงู‚ูŒ
pl: ุนูŽู…ุงู„ูู‚ูŽุฉูŒ
gigantic; giant; (in stories) a very large and powerful man. For example: This company is a giant in the tech industry (ู‡ูฐุฐูู‡ู ุงู„ุดูŽู‘ุฑููƒูŽุฉู ุนูู…ู’ู„ุงู‚ูŽุฉูŒ ูููŠ ุตูู†ุงุนูŽุฉู ุงู„ุชูู‘ูƒู’ู†ููˆู„ููˆุฌููŠุง). A huge tree (ุดูŽุฌูŽุฑุฉูŒ ุนูู…ู’ู„ุงู‚ุฉูŒ). The Amalekites (ุงู„ู’ุนูŽู…ุงู„ูู‚ุฉู).

Note: The Amalekites were an ancient nomadic tribe mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, often portrayed as hostile adversaries to the Israelites.
ู…ูุฎูŽูŠูŽู‘ู…ูŒ
pl: ู…ูุฎูŽูŠูŽู‘ู…ุงุชูŒ
camp (esp. refugee, displacement, military, scout camp). Noun of place (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ู…ูŽูƒุงู†ู) of the II-verb ุฎูŽูŠูŽู‘ู…ูŽ – ูŠูุฎูŽูŠูู‘ู…ู (to camp, pitch tents).

For example: refugee camp (ู…ูุฎูŽูŠู‘ูŽู…ู ุงูŽู„ู„ู‘ูŽุงุฌูุฆููŠู†ูŽ). Conditions in the refugee camps are dire (ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽูˆู’ุถุงุนู ูููŠ ู…ูุฎูŽูŠูŽู‘ู…ุงุชู ุงู„ู„ู‘ุงุฌูุฆููŠู†ูŽ ู…ูŽุฃู’ุณุงูˆููŠูŽู‘ุฉูŒ).
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ARABICEXPLANATION
ุชูŽุทุงูŠูุฑูŒflying about, scattering (in the air), dispersion; volatility. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VI-verb ุชูŽุทุงูŠูŽุฑูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽุทุงูŠูŽุฑู (to fly about, scatter). Root: ุท-ูŠ-ุฑ.

For example: The scattering of sparks from the fire (ุชูŽุทุงูŠูุฑู ุงู„ุดูŽู‘ุฑูŽุฑู ู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุฑู).
ู…ูุชู’ุฑูŒ
pl: ุฃูŽู…ู’ุชุงุฑูŒ
meter (unit of length). For example: The pool is 25 meters long (ุทููˆู„ู ุญูŽู…ู‘ุงู…ู ุงู„ุณูู‘ุจุงุญูŽุฉู ูขูฅ ู…ูุชู’ุฑู‹ุง).
ู…ูุณู’ุนูููŒ
pl: ู…ูุณู’ุนููููˆู†ูŽ
paramedic, first-aider, rescuer. Active participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ูุงุนูู„ู) of the IV-verb ุฃูŽุณู’ุนูŽููŽ – ูŠูุณู’ุนููู (to aid, help, rescue, give first aid).

For example: The paramedics provided immediate assistance (ู‚ูŽุฏูŽู‘ู…ูŽ ุงู„ู’ู…ูุณู’ุนููููˆู†ูŽ ู…ูุณุงุนูŽุฏูŽุฉู‹ ููŽูˆู’ุฑููŠูŽู‘ุฉู‹).
ุฅูุณู’ุนุงููŒ
pl: ุฅูุณู’ุนุงูุงุชูŒ
first aid, rescue, help, relief. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the IV-verb ุฃูŽุณู’ุนูŽููŽ – ูŠูุณู’ุนููู.

For example: ambulance (ุณูŽูŠู‘ุงุฑูŽุฉู ุฅูุณู’ุนุงูู). First aid ุฅูุณู’ุนุงูุงุชูŒ ุฃูŽูˆู‘ูŽู„ููŠู‘ูŽุฉูŒ). To give somebody first aid (ู‚ูŽุฏูŽู‘ู…ูŽ ุฅุณู’ุนุงูุงุชู ุฃูŽูˆูŽู‘ู„ูŠู‘ุฉู‹ ู„ูุดูŽุฎู’ุตู)
ุณุงุฏููŠูŒู‘sadistic; sadist. Nisba adjective (ู†ูุณู’ุจูŽุฉูŒ) of the loanword from Marquis de Sade. The abstract noun ุณุงุฏููŠูŽู‘ุฉูŒ means sadism. For example: He showed sadistic cruelty (ุฃูŽุธู’ู‡ูŽุฑูŽ ู‚ูŽุณู’ูˆูŽุฉู‹ ุณุงุฏููŠูŽู‘ุฉู‹).
ุญูŽู‚ููŠุฑูŒ
pl: ุญูู‚ูŽุฑุงุกู
despicable, contemptible, base, vile, low. Quasi-Participle (ุตูููŽุฉูŒ ู…ูุดูŽุจูŽู‘ู‡ุฉูŒ) from the I-verb ุญูŽู‚ูุฑูŽ – ูŠูŽุญู’ู‚ูุฑู (to be low/despicable).

For example: the despicable claim (ุงู„ุฒูŽู‘ุนู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ุญูŽู‚ููŠุฑู). This is a vile betrayal (ู‡ูฐุฐูู‡ู ุฎููŠุงู†ูŽุฉูŒ ุญูŽู‚ููŠุฑูŽุฉูŒ).
ุชูŽุฌุงู‡ูู„ูŒignoring, disregarding, feigning ignorance. It is the verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VI-verb ุชูŽุฌุงู‡ูŽู„ูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽุฌุงู‡ูŽู„ู (to ignore, feign ignorance of, disregard).

For example: Ignoring the warning signs can be dangerous (ุชูŽุฌุงู‡ูู„ู ุนูŽู„ุงู…ุงุชู ุงู„ุชูŽู‘ุญู’ุฐููŠุฑู ู‚ูŽุฏู’ ูŠูŽูƒููˆู†ู ุฎูŽุทููŠุฑู‹ุง).
ุงูุญู’ุชููŠุงู„ูŒ
pl: ุงูุญู’ุชููŠุงู„ุงุชูŒ
fraud, deception, trickery, swindling. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VIII-verb ุงูุญู’ุชุงู„ูŽ – ูŠูŽุญู’ุชุงู„ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ (to deceive, defraud, trick someone). Root: ุญ-ูŠ-ู„.

For example: tax fraud (ุงูุญู’ุชููŠุงู„ูŒ ุถูŽุฑููŠุจููŠู‘ูŒ). He was arrested for financial fraud (ุฃูู„ู’ู‚ููŠูŽ ุงู„ู’ู‚ูŽุจู’ุถู ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ุจูุชูู‡ู’ู…ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ุงูุญู’ุชููŠุงู„ู ุงู„ู’ู…ุงู„ููŠูู‘).
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner

Article Section 3

ARABICEXPLANATION
ู…ูŽุณููŠุฑุฉูŒ
pl: ู…ูŽุณููŠุฑุงุชูŒ
march, procession, rally, demonstration (on foot); journey, path, course, process. It is a special form of the verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ ู…ููŠู…ููŠูŒ) of the I-verb ุณุงุฑูŽ – ูŠูŽุณููŠุฑู (to walk, march, travel, proceed). Root: ุณ-ูŠ-ุฑ.

For example: marches against the genocideโ€ฆ (ู…ูŽุณููŠุฑุงุชูŒ ุถูุฏู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุฅูุจุงุฏูŽุฉู). The peace process/journey is long (ู…ูŽุณููŠุฑูŽุฉู ุงู„ุณูŽู‘ู„ุงู…ู ุทูŽูˆููŠู„ุฉูŒ).
ุชูŽุฌู’ุณููŠุฏูŒ
pl: ุชูŽุฌู’ุณููŠุฏุงุชูŒ
embodiment, personification, concretization, representation. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the II-verb ุฌูŽุณูŽู‘ุฏูŽ – ูŠูุฌูŽุณูู‘ุฏู (to embody, personify, give concrete form to).

In the text, ุชูŽุฌู’ุณููŠุฏุงุชูŒ refers to representations or physical manifestations symbolizing the victims. For example: This film is an embodiment of the suffering of refugees (ู‡ูฐุฐุง ุงู„ู’ูููŠู„ู…ู ุชูŽุฌู’ุณููŠุฏูŒ ู„ูู…ูุนุงู†ุงุฉู ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽุงุฌูุฆููŠู†ูŽ).
ุงูุนู’ุชูŽู‚ูŽู„ูŽ – ูŠูŽุนู’ุชูŽู‚ูู„ูto arrest, detain. VIII-verb. The verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) is ุงูุนู’ุชูู‚ุงู„ูŒ (arrest, detention).
For example: The authorities arrested the journalist (ุงูุนู’ุชูŽู‚ูŽู„ูŽุชู’ ุงู„ุณูู‘ู„ูุทุงุชู ุงู„ุตูู‘ุญููููŠูŽู‘).
ุงู„ุดูŽู‘ุฑู’ู‚ู ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽู‚ู’ุตูŽู‰the Far East. Noun phrase composed of ุงู„ุดูŽู‘ุฑู’ู‚ู (the East) and ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽู‚ู’ุตูŽู‰ (the farthest; elative). Contrasts with ุงู„ุดูŽู‘ุฑู’ู‚ู ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽุฏู’ู†ูŽู‰ (Near East) and ุงู„ุดูŽู‘ุฑู’ู‚ู ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽูˆู’ุณูŽุทู (Middle East).

For example: Trade relations with the Far East have grown (ู†ูŽู…ูŽุชู’ ุงู„ู’ุนูŽู„ุงู‚ุงุชู ุงู„ุชูู‘ุฌุงุฑููŠูŽู‘ุฉู ู…ูŽุนูŽ ุงู„ุดูŽู‘ุฑู’ู‚ู ุงู„ู’ุฃูŽู‚ู’ุตูŽู‰).
ู…ูุจู’ู‡ูุฑูŒimpressive, dazzling, stunning, brilliant. Active participle (ุงูุณู’ู…ู ุงู„ู’ูุงุนูู„ู) of the IV-verb ุฃูŽุจู’ู‡ูŽุฑูŽูŽ – ูŠูุจู’ู‡ูุฑู (to dazzle, impress, amaze).
For example: She gave an impressive presentation (ู‚ูŽุฏูŽู‘ู…ูŽุชู’ ุนูŽุฑู’ุถู‹ุง ุชูŽู‚ู’ุฏููŠู…ููŠู‹ู‘ุง ู…ูุจู’ู‡ูุฑู‹ุง).
ุชูŽูุงูˆูุชูŒvariation, difference, disparity, inequality. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VI-verb ุชูŽูุงูˆูŽุชูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽูุงูˆูŽุชู (to vary, differ, be unequal). Root: ู-ูˆ-ุช. This is a tricky root because many people mistake the ุช for part of the conjugation, but in fact the ุช is part of the root!

For example: There is a noticeable disparity in income levels (ู‡ูู†ุงูƒูŽ ุชูŽูุงูˆูุชูŒ ู…ูŽู„ู’ุญููˆุธูŒ ูููŠ ู…ูุณู’ุชูŽูˆูŽูŠุงุชู ุงู„ุฏูŽู‘ุฎู’ู„ู). The value of the US-dollar fluctuates (ุชูŽุชูŽูุงูˆูŽุชู ู‚ููŠู…ูŽุฉู ุงู„ุฏูู‘ูˆู„ุงุฑู) = present tense. The value of the US-dollar has fluctuated (ุชูŽูุงูˆูŽุชูŽุชู’ ู‚ููŠู…ูŽุฉู ุงู„ุฏููˆู„ุงุฑู ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุฑูƒููŠู‘ู) = past tense.
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ุงู„ูุนู„ ุชูŽูุงูˆูŽุชูŽ - ูŠูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู ูุนู„ ุฎู…ุงุณูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุตุญูŠุญ ุณุงู„ู… [ููŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช]
PronounsPerfect (Active)Imperfect (Active)
ุงู„ุถู…ุงุฆุฑุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฑุน ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
ุฃู†ุงุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ุชูุฃูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู
ู‡ูŠุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชูŽุชู’ุชูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู
ู‡ู…ุงุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชูŽุงูŠูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชูŽุงู†ู
ู‡ู…ุง ู…ุคุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชูŽุชูŽุงุชูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชูŽุงู†ู
ู‡ู…ุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชููˆุงูŠูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชููˆู†ูŽ
ู‡ู†ุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ู†ูŽูŠูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ู†ูŽ
ู†ุญู†ุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ู†ูŽุงู†ูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู
ุฃู†ุชุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ุชูŽุชูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชูุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’
ุฃู†ุชูุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ุชูุชูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชููŠู†ูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชููŠ
ุฃู†ุชู…ุงุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ุชูู…ูŽุงุชูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชูŽุงู†ูุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชูŽุง
ุฃู†ุชู…ุง ู…ุคุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ุชูู…ูŽุงุชูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชูŽุงู†ูุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชูŽุง
ุฃู†ุชู…ุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ุชูู…ุชูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชููˆู†ูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชููˆุง
ุฃู†ุชู†ุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ุชูู†ู‘ูŽุชูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ู†ูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู’ู†ูŽ
ู‡ูˆุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชูŽูŠูŽุชูŽููŽุงูˆูŽุชู
ARABICEXPLANATION
ู‚ูŽุจู’ุถุฉูŒ
pl: ู‚ูŽุจูŽุถุงุชูŒ
grip, grasp; fist; handle; power, control. It is the noun of instance (ุงูุณู’ู… ุงู„ู…ูŽุฑูŽู‘ุฉู) of the I-verb ู‚ูŽุจูŽุถูŽ – ูŠูŽู‚ู’ุจูุถู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ (to grasp, seize; arrest).

Note: The article uses it in two ways: ููŽุฑู’ุถู ู‚ูŽุจู’ุถูŽุชูู‡ู (imposing its grip/control) referring to the regime, and ุจูู‚ูŽุจู’ุถูŽุชูู‡ู (with his fist) referring to a media figure hitting a table.

For example: The regime tightened its grip on power (ุดูŽุฏูŽู‘ุฏูŽ ุงู„ู†ูู‘ุธุงู…ู ู‚ูŽุจู’ุถูŽุชูŽู‡ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ุณูู‘ู„ู’ุทุฉู). In someone’s possession; in someone’s power (ูููŠ ู‚ูŽุจู’ุถูŽุชูู‡ู).
ุงู„ุฐูู‘ุจุงุจู ุงู„ู’ุฅูู„ููƒู’ุชู’ุฑููˆู†ููŠูู‘electronic flies; bots. Modern idiom referring to online trolls, sock puppet accounts, or state-sponsored commentators used to spread propaganda, attack critics, or manipulate online discourse. ุงู„ุฐูู‘ุจุงุจู is the collective noun for flies (singular ุฐูุจุงุจูŽุฉูŒ). The word ุงู„ู’ุฅูู„ููƒู’ุชู’ุฑููˆู†ููŠูู‘ is a nisba adjective (ู†ูุณู’ุจุฉูŒ).

For example: Spreading misinformation through electronic flies (ู†ูŽุดู’ุฑู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุนู’ู„ููˆู…ุงุชู ุงู„ู’ู…ูุถูŽู„ูู‘ู„ูŽุฉู ุนูŽุจู’ุฑูŽ ุงู„ุฐูู‘ุจุงุจู ุงู„ู’ุฅูู„ููƒู’ุชู’ุฑููˆู†ููŠูู‘).
ุงูุชูู‘ูุงู‚ูŒ
pl: ุงูุชูู‘ูุงู‚ุงุชูŒ
agreement, pact, convention. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VIII-verb ุงูุชูŽู‘ููŽู‚ูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽู‘ููู‚ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ / ู…ูŽุนูŽ (to agree on/with). For example: The two countries signed a trade agreement (ูˆูŽู‚ูŽู‘ุนูŽุชู’ ุงู„ุฏูŽู‘ูˆู’ู„ูŽุชุงู†ู ุงุชูู‘ูุงู‚ู‹ุง ุชูุฌุงุฑููŠู‹ู‘ุง).

Note: The root is ูˆ-ู-ู‚. Typically for the VIII verb pattern ุงููู’ุชูŽุนูŽู„ูŽ, the root letter ูˆ assimilates and merges with the ุช of the pattern. So we get: ุงูุชู‘ูŽููŽู‚ูŽ โžค ุงููˆู’ุชูŽููŽู‚ูŽ
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner

Article Section 4

ARABICEXPLANATION
ุงูุชูŽู‘ู‡ูŽู…ูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽู‘ู‡ูู…ู (ุจู)to accuse (someone – ุจู -of something). VIII-verb. The verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) is ุงูุชูู‘ู‡ุงู…ูŒ – pl: ุงูุชูู‘ู‡ุงู…ุงุชูŒ. Root: ูˆ-ู‡-ู… (via assimilation in Form VIII; see ุงูุชูู‘ููŽู‚ูŽ).
For example: He was accused of treason (ุงูุชูู‘ู‡ูู…ูŽ ุจูุงู„ู’ุฎููŠุงู†ุฉู).
ุงู„ุตูู‘ู‡ู’ูŠูŽูˆู†ููŠูŽู‘ุฉูZionism. It is a Nisba noun (ู†ูุณู’ุจุฉูŒ) derived from the name of Mount Zion near Jerusalem (ู†ูุณู’ุจูŽุฉูŒ ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ุฌูŽุจูŽู„ู ู‚ูุฑู’ุจูŽ ุงู„ู’ู‚ูุฏู’ุณู ูŠูุณูŽู…ู‘ูŽู‰ ุตูู‡ู’ูŠููˆู†ูŽ). For example: the Zionist movement (ุงู„ู’ุญูŽุฑูŽูƒุฉู ุงู„ุตูŽู‘ู‡ู’ูŠููˆู†ููŠูŽู‘ุฉู).

Remark: In the early 1890s, Austrian Jewish intellectual Nathan Birnbaum coined the term Zionism (from the German Zionismus) by drawing inspiration from Zion – a name closely associated with Mount Zion, the revered hill in Jerusalem that symbolizes the spiritual and national aspirations of the Jewish people – to designate a political movement aimed at establishing a national home and state for Jews.
ุฃูุณู’ุทููˆุงู†ุฉูŒ
pl: ุฃูŽุณุงุทููŠู†ู or ุฃูุณู’ุทููˆุงู†ุงุชูŒ
cylinder; (gramophone) record; (fig.) same old story, broken record, clichรฉ, repeated talking point. In the article, ุงู„ู’ุฃูุณู’ุทููˆุงู†ุฉู is used figuratively for a tired, repeated argument. For example: He keeps repeating the same old story (ุฅูู†ูŽู‘ู‡ู ูŠููˆุงุตูู„ู ุชูŽุฑู’ุฏููŠุฏูŽ ู†ูŽูู’ุณู ุงู„ู’ุฃูุณู’ุทููˆุงู†ุฉู). Release of a new album (ุฅูุตู’ุฏุงุฑู ุฃูุณู’ุทููˆุงู†ุฉู ุฌูŽุฏููŠุฏุฉู).
ู…ูู†ุงุณูŽุจุฉูŒ
pl: ู…ูู†ุงุณูŽุจุงุชูŒ
occasion, event; opportunity; circumstance, suitability. It is the verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the III-verb ู†ุงุณูŽุจูŽ – ูŠูู†ุงุณูุจู (to suit, fit, be appropriate).

For example: on future occasions (ูููŠ ู…ูู†ุงุณูŽุจุงุชู ู…ูู‚ู’ุจูู„ุฉู). Eid is a happy occasion (ุงู„ู’ุนููŠุฏู ู…ูู†ุงุณูŽุจุฉูŒ ุณูŽุนููŠุฏุฉูŒ). By the way/on the occasion of (ุจูุงู„ู’ู…ูู†ุงุณูŽุจุฉู). On several occasions (ูููŠ ู…ูู†ุงุณูŽุจุงุชู ุนูุฏู‘ุฉู).
ุญุงุฌุฉูŒ
pl: ุญุงุฌุงุชูŒ or ุญูŽูˆุงุฆูุฌู
need, necessity, requirement; business, affair, thing. Related to the VIII-verb ุงูุญู’ุชุงุฌูŽ – ูŠูŽุญู’ุชุงุฌู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ (to need, require). Root: ุญ-ูˆ-ุฌ. Note: The plural form ุญูŽูˆุงุฆูุฌู is usually related to thing, object. The plural form ุญุงุฌุงุชูŒ to need, necessity.

For example: Access to clean water is a basic need (ุงู„ู’ุญูุตููˆู„ู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ู’ู…ุงุกู ุงู„ู†ูŽู‘ุธููŠูู ุญุงุฌูŽุฉูŒ ุฃูŽุณุงุณููŠูŽู‘ุฉูŒ). That is not necessary (ู„ุง ุญุงุฌุฉูŽ ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ุฐูฐู„ููƒูŽ).
ุชูŽุนู’ุจููŠุฑูŒ
pl: ุชูŽุนุจูŠุฑุงุชูŒ or ุชูŽูŽุนุงุจููŠุฑู
expression, articulation; phrase, term, idiom. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the II-verb ุนูŽุจูŽู‘ุฑูŽ – ูŠูุนูŽุจูู‘ุฑู ุนูŽู†ู’ (to express, phrase, articulate).

For example: Freedom of expression is guaranteed by law (ุญูุฑูู‘ูŠูŽู‘ุฉู ุงู„ุชูŽู‘ุนู’ุจููŠุฑู ู…ูŽูƒู’ูููˆู„ุฉูŒ ุจูุงู„ู’ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ู). Idiom/idiomatic expression (ุชูŽุนู’ุจููŠุฑูŒ ุงูุตู’ุทูู„ุงุญููŠู‘ูŒ). Note: The plural form ุชูŽูŽุนุงุจููŠุฑู is usually related to expression, phrase.
ุฃูŽุณู’ู‡ูŽู…ูŽ – ูŠูุณู’ู‡ูู…ู ูููŠto contribute (to), participate (in), take part (in). IV-verb. For example: Many scientists contributed to this discovery (ุฃูŽุณู’ู‡ูŽู…ูŽ ุงู„ู’ูƒูŽุซููŠุฑู ู…ูู†ู’ ุงู„ู’ุนูู„ูŽู…ุงุกู ูููŠ ู‡ูฐุฐูŽุง ุงู„ู’ุงููƒู’ุชูุดุงูู).
ุฅูุฒุงุญุฉูŒremoval, displacement, shifting, setting aside. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the IV-verb ุฃูŽุฒุงุญูŽ – ูŠูุฒููŠุญู ุนูŽู†ู’ (to remove, displace, move aside). Root: ุฒ-ูŠ-ุญ. For example: shifting attention (ุฅูุฒุงุญุฉู ุงู„ู’ุงูู†ู’ุชูุจุงู‡ู).
ุงูู†ู’ุชูุจุงู‡ูŒattention, notice, awareness, vigilance. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VIII-verb ุงูู†ู’ุชูŽุจูŽู‡ูŽ – ูŠูŽู†ู’ุชูŽุจูู‡ู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ (to pay attention to, notice, be aware of). Root: ู†-ุจ-ู‡ู€.
For example: This requires your full attention (ู‡ูฐุฐุง ูŠูŽุชูŽุทูŽู„ูŽู‘ุจู ุงู†ู’ุชูุจุงู‡ูŽูƒูŽ ุงู„ู’ูƒุงู…ูู„ูŽ).
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ARABICEXPLANATION
ุญูู…ููˆู„ุฉูŒload, cargo, freight; tonnage, capacity. For example: The maximum load for this elevator is 1000 kg (ุงู„ู’ุญูู…ููˆู„ุฉู ุงู„ู’ู‚ูุตู’ูˆูŽู‰ ู„ูู‡ูฐุฐุง ุงู„ู’ู…ูุตู’ุนูŽุฏู ู‡ููŠูŽ ุฃูŽู„ู’ูู ูƒููŠู„ูˆ ุบุฑุงู…ู).
ุฅูุณู’ู…ูŽู†ู’ุชูŒcement. For example: Cement is used in construction (ูŠูุณู’ุชูŽุฎู’ุฏูŽู…ู ุงู„ู’ุฅูุณู’ู…ูŽู†ู’ุชู ูููŠ ุงู„ู’ุจูู†ุงุกู).
ุชูŽูˆู’ุฑููŠุทูŒentangling, embroiling, implicating (someone in trouble). It is the verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the II-verb ูˆูŽุฑูŽู‘ุทูŽ – ูŠููˆูŽุฑูู‘ุทู ูููŠ (to entangle, implicate s.o. in sth.).

For example: He denied any attempt to implicate him in the case (ู†ูŽููŽู‰ ุฃูŽูŠู‘ูŽ ู…ูุญุงูˆูŽู„ุฉู ู„ูุชูŽูˆู’ุฑููŠุทูู‡ู ูููŠ ุงู„ู’ู‚ูŽุถููŠู‘ูŽุฉู).
ู‚ูŽุถุงุกูŒjudgment, decree, judiciary; spending (time); fate; elimination, extermination (when followed by ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰). Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the I-verb ู‚ูŽุถูŽู‰ – ูŠูŽู‚ู’ุถููŠ. Root: ู‚-ุถ-ูŠ.

The word is tricky as it can denote many things depending on the context. For example: Efforts to eliminate corruption (ุฌูู‡ููˆุฏูŒ ู„ูู„ู’ู‚ูŽุถุงุกู ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ู’ููŽุณุงุฏู). Spending the holiday in Egypt (ู‚ูŽุถุงุกู ุงู„ู’ุนูุทู’ู„ุฉู ูููŠ ู…ูุตู’ุฑูŽ).
ุงูุฏูู‘ุนุงุกูŒ
pl: ุงูุฏูู‘ุนุงุกุงุชูŒ
claim, allegation, assertion; pretension; prosecution (legal context). Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VIII-verb ุงูุฏูŽู‘ุนูŽู‰ – ูŠูŽุฏูŽู‘ุนููŠ. Root: ุฏ-ุน-ูˆ. For example: The court rejected his claim (ุฑูŽููŽุถูŽุชู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุญู’ูƒูŽู…ูŽุฉู ุงุฏูู‘ุนุงุกูŽู‡ู).

Note: Morphologically, we see here an assimilation typical of VIII-verbs (ุงููู’ุชูŽุนูŽู„ูŽ / ุงููู’ุชูุนูŽุงู„) when the first root consonant is ุฏ. The ุช of the pattern assimilates completely to the preceding ุฏ, becoming a ุฏ itself. This results in a doubled consonant (ุฏู’ุฏ), represented by the shaddah (ุดูŽุฏู‘ุฉูŒ), transforming the theoretical verbal noun ุงูุฏู’ุชูุนูŽุงุกูŒ into the actual form ุงูุฏูู‘ุนุงุกูŒ.
ุชูŽู„ู’ูˆููŠุญูŒwaving (hand, flag, etc.); hinting, allusion (to = ุจู). Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the II-verb ู„ูŽูˆูŽู‘ุญูŽ – ูŠูู„ูŽูˆูู‘ุญู. For example: He hinted at the possibility of resigning (ู„ูŽูˆู‘ูุญูŽ ุจูุฅูู…ู’ูƒุงู†ููŠู‘ูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ุงูุณู’ุชูู‚ุงู„ุฉู).
ุจูุถู’ุนูŽุฉูŒ / ุจูุถู’ุนูa few, several (referring to numbers 3-9 or 3-10). Numeral noun taking the counted noun in the genitive plural. Gender agreement is reversed: ุจูุถู’ุนูŽุฉู + masc. plural; ุจูุถู’ุนู + fem. plural.

For example: a few men (ุจูุถู’ุนุฉู ุฑูุฌุงู„ู); a few women (ุจูุถู’ุนู ู†ูุณุงุกู). I waited for a few minutes (ุงูู†ู’ุชูŽุธูŽุฑู’ุชู ุจูุถู’ุนูŽ ุฏูŽู‚ุงุฆูู‚ูŽ).
ููŽูˆู’ุถูŽู‰chaos, disorder, anarchy. Feminine noun. For example: Total chaos (ููŽูˆู’ุถูŽู‰ ุดุงู…ูู„ูŽุฉูŒ). The sudden power outage caused chaos in the city (ุฃูŽุฏูŽู‘ู‰ ุงู†ู’ู‚ูุทุงุนู ุงู„ุชูŽู‘ูŠู‘ุงุฑู ุงู„ู’ูƒูŽู‡ู’ุฑูŽุจุงุฆููŠูู‘ ุงู„ู’ู…ููุงุฌูุฆู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ููŽูˆู’ุถูŽู‰ ูููŠ ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุฏููŠู†ุฉู).
ุฒูŽุนู’ุฒูŽุนุฉูŒshaking, destabilization, undermining. It is the verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the quadriliteral I-verb ุฒูŽุนู’ุฒูŽุนูŽ – ูŠูุฒูŽุนู’ุฒูุนู. Root: ุฒ-ุน-ุฒ-ุน (reduplicated).

For example: Spreading rumors aims to destabilize society (ู†ูŽุดู’ุฑู ุงู„ุดู‘ูŽุงุฆูุนุงุชู ูŠูŽู‡ู’ุฏููู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ุฒูŽุนู’ุฒูŽุนูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ู…ูุฌู’ุชูŽู…ูŽุนู).
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ARABICEXPLANATION
ู‚ูŽุฑู’ุถูŒ
pl: ู‚ูุฑููˆุถูŒ
loan, credit. For example: He took out a loan to buy a car (ุฃูŽุฎูŽุฐูŽ ู‚ูŽุฑู’ุถู‹ุง ู„ูุดูุฑุงุกู ุณูŽูŠู‘ุงุฑูŽุฉู).
ุฅูู†ู’ุฌุงุฒูŒ
pl: ุฅูู†ู’ุฌุงุฒุงุชูŒ
achievement, accomplishment, completion. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the IV-verb ุฃูŽู†ู’ุฌูŽุฒูŽ – ูŠูู†ู’ุฌูุฒู.
For example: Completing the project on time was a great achievement (ูƒุงู†ูŽ ุฅูู†ู’ุฌุงุฒู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุดู’ุฑููˆุนู ูููŠ ุงู„ู’ูˆูŽู‚ู’ุชู ุงู„ู’ู…ูุญูŽุฏูŽู‘ุฏู ุฅูู†ู’ุฌุงุฒู‹ุง ุนูŽุธููŠู…ู‹ุง).
ุถูู…ู’ู†ููŠูŒู‘implicit, implied, tacit, included. Nisba adjective (ู†ูุณู’ุจูŽุฉูŒ) from ุถูู…ู’ู†ูŒ (content in the meaning of inside; implication).

For example: There was an implicit agreement between them (ูƒุงู†ูŽ ู‡ูู†ุงูƒูŽ ุงุชูู‘ูุงู‚ูŒ ุถูู…ู’ู†ููŠูŒู‘ ุจูŽูŠู’ู†ูŽู‡ูู…ู’).
ุงู„ู†ูŽู‘ู‚ูŽุจู / ุงู„ู†ูŽู‘ู‚ู’ุจูThe Negev (desert). Proper noun referring to the desert region in the south of historical Palestine (modern-day Israel).

So what is the connecting between “Naqab” and “Negev”? Some ideas: In Hebrew, the letter Bet (ื‘ึผ) is pronounced as “b” when it carries a dagesh (a dot inside the letter), but when the dagesh is absent, often due to the influence of a preceding vowel, its pronunciation shifts to “v”. And as is often the case in regional Arabic dialects, there is a phonetic connection between ู‚ and ุฌ.

For example: moving the Palestinian population to the Negev (ู†ูŽู‚ู’ู„ู ุงู„ุณูู‘ูƒู‘ุงู†ู ุงู„ู’ููู„ูŽุณู’ุทููŠู†ููŠูู‘ูŠู†ูŽ ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ู†ูŽู‘ู‚ูŽุจู).
ุชูŽุตู’ูููŠุฉูŒpurification, filtering; liquidation (business, assets); elimination, purge (people, groups); settlement (accounts). Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the II-verb ุตูŽููŽู‘ู‰ – ูŠูุตูŽููู‘ูŠ. Root: ุต-ู-ูˆ.

For example: ethnic cleansing (ุชูŽุตู’ูููŠุฉูŒ ุนูุฑู’ู‚ูŠู‘ุฉูŒ). Search filter (ุชูŽุตู’ูููŠูŽุฉู ุงู„ู’ุจูŽุญู’ุซู).
ุธูŽู‡ูŽุฑูŽ – ูŠูŽุธู’ู‡ูŽุฑูto appear, emerge, become visible, seem, be evident. I-verb. The verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) is ุธูู‡ููˆุฑูŒ.

For example: New evidence has emerged (ุธูŽู‡ูŽุฑูŽุชู’ ุฃูŽุฏูู„ูŽู‘ุฉูŒ ุฌูŽุฏููŠุฏูŽุฉูŒ).
ุชูŽูุงูˆูุถููŠูŒู‘negotiating, related to negotiations. Nisba adjective (ู†ูุณู’ุจุฉูŒ) from ุชูŽูุงูˆูุถูŒ (negotiation), which is the verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VI-verb ุชูŽูุงูˆูŽุถูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽูุงูˆูŽุถู (to negotiate).

For example: The two sides reached a negotiated solution (ุชูŽูˆูŽุตูŽู‘ู„ูŽ ุงู„ุทูŽู‘ุฑูŽูุงู†ู ุฅูู„ูŽู‰ ุญูŽู„ูู‘ ุชูŽูุงูˆูุถููŠูู‘).
ุฏูŽูˆุงุกูŒ
pl: ุฃูŽุฏู’ูˆููŠูŽุฉูŒ
medicine, drug, remedy. Root: ุฏ-ูˆ-ูŠ. For example: This medicine must be taken with food (ูŠูŽุฌูุจู ุชูŽู†ุงูˆูู„ู ู‡ูฐุฐูŽุง ุงู„ุฏูŽู‘ูˆุงุกู ู…ูŽุนูŽ ุงู„ุทูŽู‘ุนุงู…ู).
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner
ARABICEXPLANATION
ุทูŽุญููŠู†ูŒflour, meal (ground grain). For example: This recipe requires two cups of flour (ุชูŽุชูŽุทูŽู„ูŽู‘ุจู ู‡ูฐุฐูู‡ู ุงู„ู’ูˆูŽุตู’ููŽุฉู ูƒููˆุจูŽูŠู’ู†ู ู…ูู†ู’ ุงู„ุทูŽู‘ุญููŠู†ู).
ุณููˆูŽู‰except, other than, besides; only, nothing but (esp. after negation or question). For example: No one knows the answer except him (ู„ุง ุฃูŽุญูŽุฏูŽ ูŠูŽุนู’ุฑููู ุงู„ู’ุฅูุฌุงุจุฉูŽ ุณููˆุงู‡ู).
ุฌูŽุนู’ุฌูŽุนุฉูŒnoise, clamor, clatter, din; clapping (of a mill). Often implies empty noise or commotion without substance. Root: ุฌ-ุน-ุฌ-ุน.

Idiom: ุฌูŽุนู’ุฌูŽุนูŽุฉูŒ ุจูู„ุง ุทูุญู’ู†ู (noise without grinding, i.e., all talk and no action). Much cry and little wool = much ado about nothing (ุฃูŽุณู’ู…ูŽุนู ุฌูŽุนู’ุฌูŽุนูŽุฉู‹ ูˆูŽู„ุง ุฃูŽุฑูŽู‰ ุทูŽุญููŠู†ู‹ุง). Note that ุทูุญู’ู†ูŒ means flower, meal. For example: Their threats turned out to be mere noise (ุชูŽุจูŽูŠูŽู‘ู†ูŽ ุฃูŽู†ูŽู‘ ุชูŽู‡ู’ุฏููŠุฏุงุชูู‡ูู…ู’ ู…ูุฌูŽุฑูŽู‘ุฏู ุฌูŽุนู’ุฌูŽุนุฉู).
ุจููˆู‚ูŒ
pl: ุฃูŽุจู’ูˆุงู‚ูŒ
trumpet, horn; (fig.) mouthpiece, loudspeaker, propagandist.
For example: mouthpieces of the regime (ุฃูŽุจู’ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ู†ูู‘ุธุงู…ู). He acts as a mouthpiece for the government’s policies (ุฅูู†ูŽู‘ู‡ู ูŠูŽุนู’ู…ูŽู„ู ูƒูŽุจููˆู‚ู ู„ูุณููŠุงุณุงุชู ุงู„ู’ุญููƒููˆู…ุฉู).
ุชูŽุจู’ุฑููŠุฑูŒ
pl: ุชูŽุจู’ุฑููŠุฑุงุชูŒ
justification, excuse. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the II-verb ุจูŽุฑูŽู‘ุฑูŽ – ูŠูุจูŽุฑูู‘ุฑู. For example: He offered weak justifications for his absence (ู‚ูŽุฏูŽู‘ู…ูŽ ุชูŽุจู’ุฑููŠุฑุงุชู ูˆุงู‡ููŠูŽุฉู‹ ู„ูุบููŠุงุจูู‡ู).
ุชูŽุฎุงุฐูู„ูŒweakness; letting down one another, mutual abandonment, failure to support, dereliction, slackness. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VI-verb ุชูŽุฎุงุฐูŽู„ูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽุฎุงุฐูŽู„ู (to grow weak, to wane; to let up).

For example: The team’s performance reflected a clear lack of effort / slackness (ุนูŽูƒูŽุณูŽ ุฃูŽุฏุงุกู ุงู„ู’ููŽุฑููŠู‚ู ุชูŽุฎุงุฐูู„ู‹ุง ูˆุงุถูุญู‹ุง).
ุชูŽูˆุงุทูุคูŒcomplicity, conspiracy. Verbal noun (ู…ูŽุตู’ุฏูŽุฑูŒ) of the VI-verb ุชูŽูˆุงุทูŽุฃูŽ – ูŠูŽุชูŽูˆุงุทูŽุฃู ู…ูŽุนูŽ / ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰.
For example: Investigations revealed collusion between officials and businessmen (ูƒูŽุดูŽููŽุชู’ ุงู„ุชูŽู‘ุญู’ู‚ููŠู‚ุงุชู ุนูŽู†ู’ ุชูŽูˆุงุทูุคู ุจูŽูŠู’ู†ูŽ ู…ูŽุณู’ุคููˆู„ููŠู†ูŽ ูˆูŽุฑูุฌุงู„ู ุฃูŽุนู’ู…ุงู„ู).
Vocabulary List – Media Arabic Booster 04/25 – ยฉ Gerald DriรŸner


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NOTICE: If there are any errors or mistakes in this article, please let me know or use the comment section below. I am not a native English speaker, and inaccuracies can quickly creep in with more complicated texts. We are all here to learn.

DISCLAIMER: Just so you know, my focus is purely on the language, and my selection of texts does not express any political views. The Arab world is currently full of sad conflicts. If a text excerpt hits someone personally or makes them angry, please remember that as a journalist, I listen to all sides without judgment, and I do not want to spread any political views or engage in discussions on Arabic for Nerds. All I care about here is the wonderful language of Arabic, and that we can all use it to understand each other better.

Note: The feature image was created by AI and is used for illustration purposes only.

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